Term
| What are the cranial bones? |
|
Definition
frontal
parietal
occipital
sphenoid
temporal
ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 parts of the temporal bone? |
|
Definition
squamous (thin)
mastoid process (attachment of SCM)
styloid process
tympanic part (forms wall of external auditory meatus)
petrous part |
|
|
Term
| this part of the ethmoid bone contributes to the floor of the cranial cavity and to the roof of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this part of the ethmoid bone helps form the nasal septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this part of the ethmoid bone projects into the cranial cavity and serves for the attachment of a fold of dura mater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the sphenoid bone has paired air spaces called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which bone has two pairs of wings? what are they called |
|
Definition
| The sphenoid bone has 2 greater wings and 2 lesser wings |
|
|
Term
| what paired structure of the sphenoid bone projects inferiorly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the temporal bone contains the inner ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the roof of the cranial cavity called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 sutures in the calvaria? |
|
Definition
coronal suture
sagittal suture
lambdoid suture |
|
|
Term
| what is the convergence of the coronal and sagittal suture termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the convergence of the lambdoid and sagittal suture termed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what foramen near the sagittal suture is for a small emissary vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pits for arachnoid granulations on the underside of the calvaria called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| tearing of the middle meningeal a. leads to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of the calvaria |
|
Definition
outer table
intervening diploe (spongy)
inner table |
|
|
Term
| Which table of the calvaria is thinner? Why is this important clinically? |
|
Definition
| the inner is thinner. This means that you can fracture the inner without fracturing the outer |
|
|
Term
| what forms a boundary between the ant. and mid. fossae of the cranial cavity floor? |
|
Definition
| lesser wing of the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what separates the mid. and posterior fossae of the cranial cavity floor? |
|
Definition
| groove for the sup. petrosal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what are the bones of the anterior cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
orbital plate of the frontal
cribriform plate and crista galli of ethmoid
body and lesser wing of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what 2 CNS structures does the ant. fossa contain? |
|
Definition
| olfactory bulbs and frontal lobes |
|
|
Term
| what are the bones of the mid. cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
body and greater wings of sphenoid
squamous and petrous parts of the temporal bones |
|
|
Term
| what 2 CNS structures does the mid. cranial fossa contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bones form the post. cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
body of sphenoid
petrous part of temporal
occipital
parietal |
|
|
Term
| what 3 CNS structures does the post. cranial fossa contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many foramina, fissures, and canals are in the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This foramen lies in the greater wing of the sphenoid and transmits the middle meningeal vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this canal is in the petrous part of the temporal and transmits the ICA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These grooves lie in the post. cranial fossae. |
|
Definition
| grooves for the transverse and sigmoid sinuses |
|
|
Term
| where does the sigmoid sinus become the IJV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what notable arteries go through the Foramen magnum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fracture of what structure in the skull can lead to rhinorhea? |
|
Definition
| cribriform plate of the ethmoid |
|
|
Term
| If fractured, this part of the petrous temporal can cause otorhea (CSF leaking into the middle ear cavity) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a newborn's facial skeleton is what fraction of the size of an adult facial skeleton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the symphysis menti closes at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the metopic suture closes at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the symphysis menti and me topic sutures? |
|
Definition
symphysis menti - front of mandible
metopic suture - b/w frontal bones |
|
|
Term
| where is the skull does ossification begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the "gaps" that come together to form the intersections of the cranial sutures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which fontanelle comes together to form the bregma? SAt what age does this occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which fontanelle comes together to form the lambda? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which 2 parts of the temporal bone is lacking in infants? What 2 things can be damaged b/c of this |
|
Definition
mastoid process and bony external auditory meatus
VII and the timpani membrane can be damaged, respectively because of these |
|
|
Term
| premature closure of the sagittal suture can causes what? |
|
Definition
| scaphocephaly (wedge-shaped skull) |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 layers of the dura mater? |
|
Definition
outer endosteal layer
inner meningeal layer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arachnoid villi and granulations |
|
|
Term
| can blood flow into the CSF through the arachnoid villi and granulations? |
|
Definition
| No, they have one-way valves |
|
|
Term
| the cranial epidural space is a/an (potential/actual) space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the subdural space is a/an (potential/actual) space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the subarachnoid space is a/an (potential/actual) space |
|
Definition
| actual - contains CSF and cerebral aa. and vv. |
|
|
Term
| the meningeal layer of the ____ mater is duplicated in certain places to form ____ folds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which dural fold separates the cerebral hemispheres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which dural fold separates the cerebellar hemispheres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which dural fold forms a roof over the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| upon which dural fold does the pituitary gland sit? |
|
Definition
| diaphragma sellae (across the sella turcica) |
|
|
Term
| tumors of the pituitary gland may bulge the ___ and impinge on the nearby ___ ___ causing visual problems |
|
Definition
| may bulge the diaphragma sellae and impinge on the nearby optic chiasm |
|
|
Term
Herniations
1. Brain squeezes under the falx cerebra
2. brainstem herniates caudally
3. Temporal lobe herniates through the tenurial notch
4. Cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum |
|
Definition
1. cingulate herniation
2. caudal herniation
3. Tentorial herniation
4. Tonsillar herniation |
|
|
Term
| which nerves supply the dura mater? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which artery supplies the dura mater and the calvaria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the middle meningeal artery is a branch of the ____ a. and enters the cranial cavity through the foramen ____ |
|
Definition
MMA - branch of the maxillary a.
enters the cranial cavity through the foramen spinosum |
|
|
Term
| which branch of the MMA lies deep to the pterion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subdural hemorrhage can be caused by the tearing of ___ |
|
Definition
| superior cerebral veins as they pass through the subdural space to empty into the superior sagittal sinus |
|
|
Term
| subarachnoid vein occurs when a ____ ruptures in the subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which arteries are a part of the circle of Will Windham? |
|
Definition
Post. cerebral
Post. communicating
ICA
Ant. cerebral
Ant. communicating |
|
|
Term
| which 2 "parts" of the cerebral hemispheres does the middle cerebral artery supply |
|
Definition
| lateral surface of the hemisphere and the temporal pole |
|
|
Term
| the anterior cerebral artery supplies which 2 "parts of the cerebral hemispheres |
|
Definition
| medial surface and frontal pole |
|
|
Term
| which two "parts" of the cerebral hemispheres does the posterior cerebral artery supply? |
|
Definition
| inferior surface and occipital pole |
|
|
Term
| the dural sinuses are embedded in the ____ mater |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| all dural sinuses have a/an ____ lining and (have/lack) muscles in their walls |
|
Definition
endothelial lining
lack muscle in walls |
|
|
Term
| the dural sinuses (have/lack) valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| superior and inferior sagittal sinuses lie in the margins of the ____ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which vein unites with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which sinus runs posteriorly in the line of intersection between the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ___ sinus runs in the ____ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the sup. sagittal, straight, occipital, and transverse sinuses meet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ___ sinus becomes the IJV at the ___ foramen |
|
Definition
| the sigmoid sinus becomes the IJV at the jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| which sinuses lie adjacent to the body of the sphenoid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the tributaries that the cavernous sinuses receive? |
|
Definition
1. Sup. and Inf. opthalmic vv.
2. Central v. of the retina
3. sphenoparietal sinus
4. superficial middle cerebral vein |
|
|
Term
| the cavernous sinus drains posteriorly via the ___&___ ___ sinuses |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior petrosal sinuses |
|
|
Term
| which sinuses are in the diaphragma sellae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are veins that pass through the skull and connect the dural venous sinuses with extracranial veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do emissary veins have valves? Why is this clinically important? |
|
Definition
no
- emissary veins are routes for infection to spread into the cranial cavity because they provide alternate routes for blood to escape from the cranial cavity |
|
|
Term
| are opthalmic vv. emissary veins? |
|
Definition
| yes - they connect the facial v. with the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| what structures pass through the cavernous sinuses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can occur after fracture of the middle cranial fossa? The ICA can become lacerated, high pressure blood leaking out. The tributaries of the cavernous sinus (sup./inf. opthalmic vv.) become engorged with arterial blood and the increased pressure causes protrusion of the eyeball. With each new heartbeat, a new surge of blood enters the sinus and the eye pulsates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laceration of the ICA within the cavernous sinus leads to leakage of high pressure arterial blood into the cavernous sinus. This is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| these veins drain the diploe |
|
Definition
|
|
