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Gross Anatomy
Gross anatomy Review for Midterm
111
Medical
Professional
07/23/2013

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Cards

Term
the term "through transmission" is synonymous with
Definition
posterior enhancement
Term
Structures are accurately identified on ultrasound images by
Definition
their location
Term
document areas of interest
Definition
must be represented in at least two scanning planes
Term
which anatomic area is not generally demonstrated in a sagittal plane
Definition
lateral
Term
which anatomic area is Not demonstrated in the transverse plane
Definition
superior or inferior
Term
which anatomic area is Not demonstrated in a coronal plane
Definition
anterior
Term
coronal planes divide the body into unequal sections
Definition
anterior and posterior
Term
transverse planes divide the body into unequal section
Definition
inferior and superior
Term
sagittal planes divide the body into unequal section
Definition
of the right and left
Term
what are the planes that are parallel to the long axis of the body
Definition
sagittal and coronal
Term
longitudinal views show a structure is Not oriented vertically in the body
Definition
right renal artery
Term
which anatomic area is not seen on a sagittal scanning plane image
Definition
medial
Term
In gross anatomy, the abdominial aorta is located where compared to the left kidney
Definition
medial
Term
the renal arteries are located where compared to renal veins
Definition
posterior
Term
the aorta becomes the abdominal aorta
Definition
after it reaches the aortic hiatus on the diaphragm
Term
the celiac axis bifurcates into which branches
Definition
left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and splenic artery
Term
the common hepatic artery branches into the
Definition
gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries
Term
the average anteroposterior diameter of the adult abdominial aorta is
Definition
2 cm
Term
which aortic wall layer is responsible for contraction and recoil
Definition
tunica media (remember muscles case contraction M)
Term
sonographically, in a longitudinal section, the abdominal aorta appears as a
Definition
pulsatile, tubular, anechoic lumen with bright, echogenic walls
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the body of the pancreas
Definition
posterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the left lobe of the liver
Definition
posterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the left kidney
Definition
medial
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the pylorus of the stomach
Definition
posterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the splenic artery
Definition
posterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the splenic vein
Definition
posterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the left renal vein
Definition
anterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the psoas major muscle
Definition
anterior
Term
In what relation is the aorta to the spine
Definition
anterior, unless the description in the question says otherwise!
Term
in transverse scanning plane image, the left renal vein can be seen as a
Definition
longitudinal , curvilinear structure anterior to the aorta
Term
in a sagittal scanning plane, the right renal artery can be seen as a
Definition
round short axias structure posterior to the longitudinal IVC
Term
SMA superior mesonteric artery
Definition
travels vertically and is the 2nd anterior branch of the aorta
Term
right renal artery
Definition
branch from lateral aspect of the aorta. course horizontally. has longer course to kidney. posterior to Ivc and anterior to spine.

.
Term
superior mesonteric vein
Definition
courses vertically, coming from the GI system. anterior to pancreas, inferior to head. uncicate process, rt ureter, inferior duodenum. In
Term
which renals are in front?
Definition
renal veins
Term
which one goes behind the IVC?
Definition
right renal artery.
Term
what branches into celiac
Definition
common hepatic, left gasteric artery, and splenic
Term
what is the diameter of the aorta
Definition
2-2.5 cm / 3 cm marks aneurysm
Term
where does the portal vein enter the liver
Definition
portal hepatis
Term
spread throughout the liver, enclosed in a connective sheath. appears bright in contrast to their anechoic lumens
Definition
portal triad
Term
courses laterally from the spleen and tehn medially. posterior to the pancreas neck. joins the superior mesenteric vein to form main portal vein
Definition
splenic vein
Term
what arises from the celiac axis
Definition
splenic artery
Term
where does the gallbladder lie
Definition
anterior to the right kidney
Term
what plane show anterior and posterior
Definition
coronal and sagittal
Term
what is the name of the protective cell in the liver
Definition
Kupffer cells
Term
what is released from the kidney in the event of bleeding
Definition
Renin
Term
where does the visceral surface of the liver rest
Definition
on the upper abdominal organs
Term
where does the superior lobe of the liver lie
Definition
up against the diaphragm
Term
what abdominal region does the liver lie
Definition
right hypochondrium
Term
what separates the caudate lobe from the left one
Definition
ligament venosum
Term
what divides the left and right lobes of liver
Definition
falciform ligament
Term
what makes up the portal hepatis and has a glissing sheath
Definition
CBD, portal veins, hepatic artery
Term
arteries are
Definition
hyperechoic
Term
what are possible causes for aneurysm
Definition
tabacco, hypertension, vascular disease, marfan syndrome
Term
what renal vein is longer
Definition
the left renal vein is longer, it goes anterior to the aorta
Term
acoustic shadow
Definition
sonographic appearance of reduced echo amplitude from regions lying beyond an attenuating object. It is an artifact.
Term
aliasing
Definition
an artifact caused by undersampling of signal data in diagnostic imaging
Term
amplitude
Definition
the strength/intensity of a target signal determined by its appearance and height above the baseline.
Term
anechoic
Definition
neither possessing nor producing echoes; without internal echoes
Term
artifact
Definition
the interaction of US with adjacent tissue
Term
axial resolution
Definition
(along the beam) the minimum separation between two equally-reflecting point targets along the direction of sound travel, that each can be separately distinguished on the display
Term
biliary sludge
Definition
mixture of particulate matter and mucous that forms in bile. (has low echogenicity you can roll pat to see it move, use color it wont have any)
Term
complex
Definition
the US appearance of a heterogeneous structure: both cystic and solid
Term
cystic
Definition
a fluid-filled sac/structure; an echo-free US appearance producing increased posterior sound transmission
Term
echogenicity
Definition
the way echoes are returned to the transducer
Term
echoic
Definition
producing echoes
Term
echopenic
Definition
absence of echoes; presence of very faint echoes
Term
enhancement (acoustic)
Definition
appearance of increased echoes returning from regions lying beyond an object in which attenuation is lower than average attenuation in adjacent structures.
Term
focal zone
Definition
the narrowest part of the sound beam in which resolution is the greatest.
Term
frequency
Definition
the number of cycles per sound
Term
gain
Definition
the amount of amplification of returning echoes
Term
gel
Definition
trans-sonic medium used to exclude air from between the two surfaces
Term
heterogeneous
Definition
composed of different echoes
Term
homogeneous
Definition
composed of similar echoes
Term
hypoechoic
Definition
less echogenic
Term
hyperechoic
Definition
more echogenic
Term
interface
Definition
strong echoes delineating the boundary of organs; this is caused by the difference between the acoustic impedance of two adjacent structures.
Term
ishechoic
Definition
areas having similar echogenicity are said to be isoechoic to each other
Term
noise
Definition
an artifact usually caused by excessive system gain
Term
piezzoelectric effect
Definition
a property of certain crystals that cause them to produce voltage when mechanical pressure , such as sound vibrations is applied
Term
propagation
Definition
the process by which a distrubance, such as the motion of sound waves, is transmitted through a medium such as air or water
Term
quality assurance
Definition
a program intended to guarantee a standard level of quality and standard performance requirements
Term
reverberation
Definition
an artifact caused by the return of strong echo from a large acoustic interface to the transducer
Term
shadowing
Definition
the loss of echo signals from distal structures as a result of attenuation of overlying structures
Term
sonogram
Definition
an image of structure produced by sonography used to observe fetal growth or to study bodily organs; also called an echogram or ultrasonogram
Term
spectral broadening
Definition
an increase in the range of Doppler shift frequencies caused by broader range of flow speeds encountered by the sound beam
Term
texture
Definition
in B-Mode images, this regers to the pixel-to pixel variations in image brightness resulting form interference when echo signals are obtained simultaneously from many scatterers, or resulting form the properties of the tissue
Term
through transmission
Definition
a type of ultrasound imaging in which the sound field is transmitted through a specimen and the transmitted energy is picked up on a far surface by receiving transducer (same as enhancement)
Term
time-gain compensation (TGC)
Definition
The process whereby receiver amplification is increased with time (distance) following the transmit pulse so that echo signals originating from distant reflectors are amplified more than echo signals
Term
transducer
Definition
a device that converts signals from one form to another
Term
velocity (sound0
Definition
the speed at which a sound wave is traveling (1540m/sec in a soft tissue)
Term
wavelength
Definition
the distance over which a wave repeats itself; the distance a wave travel during one period of oscillation from the source
Term
`
Definition
Term
courses anterolateral to the head of the pancreas
Definition
gastroduodenal artery
Term
shorter than its counterpart, enters the lateral aspect of IVC
Definition
right renal vein
Term
branches into the hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries
Definition
celiac axis (trunk)
Term
drains the spleen, joins SMV to form the portal vein
Definition
splenic vein
Term
comes from the celiac trunk to supply the liver
Definition
common hepatic artery
Term
courses posterior to IVC and comes directly from the aorta
Definition
right renal artery
Term
the largest arteral structure in the body
Definition
aorta
Term
arises from celiac axis , forms the superior border of pancreas
Definition
splenic artery
Term
middle layer of vascular system
Definition
tunica media
Term
aorta divides into the common iliac arteries at L-4
Definition
bifurcation
Term
passes posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta
Definition
left renal vein
Term
largest venous abdominal vessel
Definition
Inferior vena cava (IVC)
Term
hilum
Definition
indention depression or pit on an organ forming a doorway or area of entrance and exist for vessels, ducts,and nerves aka hilus
Term
intrahepatic
Definition
completely enclosed by liver tissue
Term
left portal vein
Definition
is the left branch of the main portal vein courses to the left and branches into medial and lateral subdivisions that give off multiple subdivisions, branches into medial and lateral divisions
Term
main portal vein
Definition
formed by the union of the splenic vein and smv posterior to the neck of the pancreas. delivers blood from the spleen and gi tract to the liver for metabolism and detoxification
Term
measurement of the portal vein
Definition
5-6cm long and 13 mm in diameter
Term
right portal vein is best seen
Definition
in a transverse plane and branches into anterior and posterior divisions
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