Term
|
Definition
| the joints between adjacent vertebral bodies |
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Term
1. anulus fibrosus
2. nucleus pulposus |
|
Definition
1. outer portions of the IV disc; made of concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage.
2. gelatinous mass that makes up the inner portion of the vertebral disc |
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|
Term
| 2 functions of inervertebral discs |
|
Definition
1. shock absorbers (the nucleus pulposus flattens and the anulus fibrosus buldges out)
2. allow movement between vertebrae |
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Term
| boundaries of an IV foramen |
|
Definition
pedicles (sup and inf)
facet joint (posterior)
IV disc and bodies of adjacent vertebrae (anterior) |
|
|
Term
| posterior longitudional ligament |
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Definition
| runs down the lenght of the vertebral column; attaches to the posterior of the IV discs |
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|
Term
| In which direction is the nucleus pulposus most likley to herniate? Why? |
|
Definition
| Posteriolaterally because the anulus fibrosis is thin here and not reinforced by the PLL. |
|
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Term
| primary curvatrues of the back |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| secondary curvatures of the back |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. a hunched back; results from eriosion of the vertebral bodies due to osteoporosis or TB
2. develops in pregnant women (and overly curved 2ndary lumbar curve) |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the transverse foramen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the superior articular surface of the atlas articulate with? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| instead of a spinous process, the atlas has ____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ represents the body of the axis. |
|
Definition
| Dens (aka. odontoid process) |
|
|
Term
| The bodies of thorasic vertebra are ____ shaped and the vertebral foramina are ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the lumbar vertebra, the transverse process is (longer/shorter) than in other verebrae.
The bodies are _____ shaped and the vertebral foramina is ______. |
|
Definition
longer
kidney shaped
triangular |
|
|
Term
| In a lumbar vertebrae, the mamillary process sit atop the____ |
|
Definition
| Superior articular process |
|
|
Term
What/where is the promontory?
What is it's importance? |
|
Definition
the anterior edge of the body of S1
It is an important obstetrical landmark. |
|
|
Term
| What enters through the 4 pairs of anterior sacral foramina? |
|
Definition
| The ventral rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves. |
|
|
Term
| The base of the coccyx articulates with the_____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what enters through the posterior sacral foramina? |
|
Definition
| The dorsal rami of S1-S4 spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| The Superior articular facet articulates with____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Auricular surface of the sacral vertebrae articulates with____ |
|
Definition
| The iliac spine (hip bone) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the sacral canal end? |
|
Definition
| At the sacral hiatus (a gap formed due to the absence of the spine and laminae of the S5 vertebra) |
|
|
Term
| where should you aim to place an epidural anesthesia? |
|
Definition
1. the ligament covering the sacral hiatus to get to the sacral canal (caudal epidural anesthesia)
OR
2. Through a dorsal sacral foramina into the epidural space (transscacral epidrual anesthesia) |
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|
Term
| Where does the spinal cord end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tapered terminal part of the spinal cord |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| non-nervous tissue below the conus medullaris; composed of pia mater. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the dural sac surrounding the cord end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The lateral horn is found between what cord segments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dorsal/ventral root --> dorsal ganglion -->mixed spinal nerve (exits via intervertebral foramen) -->dorsal and ventral rami (MIXED) |
|
|
Term
| Pathway of GSE fibers out of the SC |
|
Definition
| exit cord via ventral root, dorsal rami go to skeletal muscles of back and ventral rami go to body wall or limbs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cell bodies in lateral horn, exit via ventral root.
Fibers going to smooth muscle and glands synapse in the paravertebral ganglion before the postsynaptic fiber distribute via the dorsal or ventral rami |
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|
Term
| GVE fibers going to smooth muscle and glands in the abdomen synapse ______ before reaching effector organ. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GVA fibers lie in the ____ |
|
Definition
| dorsal root ganglial; peripheral processes distribute with GVE fibers |
|
|
Term
| GSA fibers distribute to: back or body wall and limbs via _____ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Presynaptic fibers travel in_____ rami while post-synaptic fibers travel in ____ rami. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arterior supply to the vertebrae |
|
Definition
3 longitudional spinal arteries (1 anterior, 2 posterior)
Segmental medullary arteries |
|
|
Term
| great anterior segmental medullary artery |
|
Definition
| largest medullary segmental artery; supplies the lumbosacral enlargement of the cord. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| extension of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord in place |
|
|
Term
| Where is the epidural space found and what does the epidural space contain? |
|
Definition
between the dura and the periosteum lining the vertebral canal (an actual space)
Contains fat and internal vertebral venous plexus. |
|
|
Term
| the subdural space is a real space (T/F) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the vertebral column drained? |
|
Definition
| via the vertebral venous plexuses (internal and external). At each level, each INTERNAL plexus is drained by an intervertebral vein. |
|
|
Term
| A common route for the spread of infections to the brain |
|
Definition
| internal vertebral venous plexus --> dural sinus. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| where a hollow needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space at the lubar cistern (between L2 and S2) and CSF is removed. |
|
|
Term
| muscles of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
| rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior AND obliquus capitis inferior muscles. |
|
|
Term
| roof of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| floor of the occipital triangle |
|
Definition
| posterior arch of the atlas and the posterior atlantoocciptal membrane |
|
|
Term
| contents of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
| vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve and the suboccipital venous plexus. |
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