Term
| If the larynx has no cuneiform process, then it has no ______ fold, and this it has no _____ between this fold and the vocal fold, but only a shallow laryngeal fossa. What other animal has this? |
|
Definition
| vestibular, laryngeal ventricle, cat |
|
|
Term
| The trachea in the ox is relatively ____ compared to the horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle lies deep to the cartilaginous rings in the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cartilage rings __ open than in dog, but ____ than in horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vetebral formula of the sheep |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertebral formula of the goat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vertebral formula of the pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Two species that have three sacral vertebrae:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Two species that have 4 sacral vertebrae
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three species that have 5 sacral vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Position of the heart in the pig |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Position of the heart in the ruminant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The cranial border of the auscultation triangle is the _____
the dorsal border is the ______ and the hypotenuse is a line that extends from the olecranon or ______ rib caudodorsally to the ________ intercostal space or ___ rib dorsally |
|
Definition
caudal border of the triceps
lateral edge of the epaxial muscles or
a line b/w caudal angle of scapula and tuber coxae
sixth
penultimate
antepenultimate |
|
|
Term
| Brachial plexus of the ox |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brachial plexus nerves of the sheep and goat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ansa axillaris is unique because: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two parts of the ansa axillaris include |
|
Definition
musculocutaneous nerve
cranial pectoral nerves |
|
|
Term
| What nerves are in a common sheath for a distance? |
|
Definition
| median, ulnar, musculocutaneous |
|
|
Term
| In the horse, the musculocutaneous nerve and the ___ nerve were in a common epineurium for a distance as were the radial and _____ nerves. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the ox, the musculocutaneous nerve joins the ____ and _____ nerves that are in a common epineurium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In ox, where can you do a thoracocentesis? |
|
Definition
| sixth or 7th intercostal space, low at C-C junction |
|
|
Term
| Where do you place your needle in a thoracocentesis? |
|
Definition
dorsal to transverse thoracis muscle,
caudal to heart
cranial to diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| What recess are you removing fluid from in a thoracocentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does one perform a pericardiocentesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the ox and ruminants in general, the lobe of the lung most commonly affected with pneumonia is the _____ lobe, while in the horse it is the _____ lobe |
|
Definition
apical (cranial lobe)
Diaphragmatic (caudal lobe) |
|
|
Term
| Left lung has how many lobes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the cardiac notch in the left lung? |
|
Definition
between cranial and caudal parts of cranial lobe
third space to fifth rib |
|
|
Term
| Where is the cardiac notch in the right lung? |
|
Definition
| between cranial and middle lobes: third and fourth space |
|
|
Term
| Lungs in the ruminant have well developed what? |
|
Definition
| lobulation and connective tissue septa |
|
|
Term
Among the common domestic animals, the taxonomic order in which there is a tracheal bronchus are the ______ which are the _____ animals with an _____ number of toes. This incudes these four animals:
An exception to the artiodactyla having an apical bronchus are the ________ the camelidae have lungs more similar to the ______ |
|
Definition
Artiodactyla
ungulate (hooved)
even
ox sheep goat and pig
Tylopoda (camelidae)
horse |
|
|
Term
| A superficial lymphatic plexus under the pleura and a deeper peribronchial plexus converge where? |
|
Definition
| at tracheobronchial nodes |
|
|
Term
Cranial tracheobronchial node:
Afferent:
Efferent: |
|
Definition
Afferent: right cranial lobe
Efferent: cranial mediastinal nodes |
|
|
Term
Right tracheobronchial node:
Afferent:
Efferent: |
|
Definition
Afferent: right middle and caudal lobes; pulmonary and middle trachobronchial nodes
Efferent: middle mediastinal |
|
|
Term
Middle tracheobronchial node:
Afferent:
Efferent: |
|
Definition
Afferent: accessory lobe, left and right caudal lobes
Efferent: right tracheobronchial node and middle mediastinal |
|
|
Term
Left tracheobronchial node:
Afferent:
Efferent:
|
|
Definition
Afferent: Left lung and medial parts of right lung
Efferent: thoracic duct and/or caudal mediastinal or even cranial and middle mediastinal node |
|
|
Term
| Subsinuosal artery has a left cornoary branch in what species, and a right cornoary branch in what species? |
|
Definition
Left: carnivores and ruminants
Right: horse and pig |
|
|
Term
| Ox has a well developed what in its heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What empties into the coronary sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| coughing or spitting of blood from respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| large animal have this attaching the heart |
|
Definition
| pericardiosternal ligament |
|
|
Term
| small animals have this attaching the heart |
|
Definition
| phrenicopericardial ligament |
|
|
Term
| If foreign objects migrate cranially they affect these six structures |
|
Definition
1. reticular wall
2. Peritoneal cavity
3. Diaphragm
4. Pleural cavity
5. Pericardial sac and cavity
6. epicardium and myocardium |
|
|
Term
| Signs of right heart failure |
|
Definition
Cardiac tampondae (compressed right atrium gives true jugular pulse, compressed right ventricle gives reduced stroke volume)
Myocardial failure |
|
|
Term
| hardware migration to the right could cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac tampondae seconday to traumatic reticulopericarditis will usually affect the filling of the (left/right) venticle first, and thus one would anticipate an (increase/decrease) in systemic venous pressure, and thus edema would most likely first show up in the (body/lungs). If the hardware migrates throught he medial wall of the reticulum instead of the cranial wall, then the first organ likely to be affected is the ______ |
|
Definition
| Right, increase, body, liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| last rib, lateral edge of epaxial muscles, fold of muscular portion of the IAO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lateral abdominal wall dorsal to fold of the flank
caudal to last rib and cranial to pelvic limb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fold of flank to fold of flank passing ventrally |
|
|
Term
| The hypotenuse of the paralumbar fossa is formed by a tension fold produced in the _____ by the weight of the abdominal viscera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The liver in the ruminant is to the (left/right) of the midline, the descending duodenum in the ruminat (is/is not) approximately in the same location as in the dog and horse, the sigmoid flexure of the colon (is/is not) found in the dog and horse, and the left azygous (is/is not) usually found in the horse and dog. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The position of the omasum is such that it is largely to the (left/right) of the midline approximately between these ribs, and leaves a sizeable impression in the middle of the visceral surface of the _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The jejunal mass lies mainly to the (left/right) of the midline and is usually found in the ______ recess with the floor of the recess being formed by the superfical and deep layers of the _________ |
|
Definition
| right, supraomental, greater omentum |
|
|
Term
| From the right side, the portion of the ruminant stomach that should be visible near the costal arch is the ______ dorsally runing from cranial to caudal in the superficial leaf of the greater omentum will be the descending _____, and if the caudal edge of the ________ is reflected cranially the jejunal mass should be exposed. |
|
Definition
| abomasum, duodenum, greater omentum |
|
|
Term
Layers of the abdominal wall (10)
|
|
Definition
1. skin
2. Superficial fascia
3. Cutaneous trunci muscle
4. Deep abdominal fascia including abdominal tunic
5. EAO
6. IAO
7. Transverse abdominal mu
8. Rectus abdominus m and assoicated rectus sheath
9. transverse fascia
10 parietal peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| In the ruminants, especially the cow the superficial inguinal l.n. can be best palpated by reaching |
|
Definition
| caudal to the pelivic limb, dorsal to the mamary gland, and stroking downward |
|
|
Term
| In adult, reach the liver through |
|
Definition
| 11th intercostal space just ventral to ventral edge of tuber coxae |
|
|
Term
| in a young calf reach liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in older calf reach liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10th space and ventral to level of greater trochanter |
|
|
Term
| Paralumbar Foss/flank has what nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T13 branches go to:
L1 branches go to:
L2 branches go to |
|
Definition
distal end of L1 transverse process
distal end of L2 transverse process
distal end of L4 transverse process |
|
|
Term
What structure in the epidural space may limit distribution of the anesthetic?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if too much anesthetic is used in the epidural space what may be two undesirable and potentially life threatening effects on the animal? |
|
Definition
| fat will go down, severe hypotension |
|
|
Term
| Point of entry for proximal paravertebral anesthesia (farquharson method) |
|
Definition
slightly off midline at level of cranial extent of L1 spinous process
just lateral to intervertebral foramen |
|
|
Term
| Distal paravertebral anestheisa (magda method) |
|
Definition
distal ends of transverse processes of L1, 2, 4
anesthetic deposited dorsal and ventral to transverse processes |
|
|
Term
The first transverse process of a lumbar vertebra normally palpable cranial to a horizontal line drawn between the left and right tuber coxae is that of ____
you should keep this in mind as you count cranially to locate the ______ transverse process to block the dorsal and ventral branches of T13- in a fat or well muscled ox it may be necessary to 'palpate' this transverse process with the ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When an ox bloats, it probably is best to initially try to pass a stomach tube, but if that fails or if there is insufficient time because of ______ then one may need to trocarize the rumen via the more (dorsal/ventral) portion of the (left/right) __________ fossa where the rumen is most accessible and is (least/most) mobile because of it's close ________ connection to the dorsal body wall |
|
Definition
Respiratory embarrassment
Dorsal
Left
Paralumbar
Least
adventitial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7th/ 8th intercostal space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6th to 8th ribs, mainly to left, lesser curvature to right against omasum, greater curvature to left against body wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
7th to 11th ribs
mainly to right
ventrally touches abdominal floor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chiefly on abdominal floor
fundus in xiphoid region
body mostly to left of median plane
pyloric part 9th or tenth intercostal space |
|
|
Term
| The normally located abomasum should have its fundus located near the ____ process, half or slightly more of its body to the (left/right) of the linea alba, and its pylorus located at about the 9th or tenth intercostal space just medial to the (left/right) ribs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If one enters the dorsal sac of the rumen via a rumen fistula in the left paralumbar fossa and reaches toward the reticulum via the ventral sac then the structures and spaces encountered will be in order: dorsal sac, ventral sac, ruminal recess, (four more) |
|
Definition
| cranial pillar, atrium ruminus, ruminoreticular fold, reticulum |
|
|
Term
| When you enter the right paralumbar fossa the ____ should be the most superficial piece of gut, immediately beneath this will be the blind piece of gut called the __________ which if followed cranially medial to the costal arch will lead you to the ventral (1st) gyrus of the _______ but lying superficial to this _______ will be the ventral (2nd) gyrus of the ________ |
|
Definition
| descending duodenum, cecum, proximal ansa, proximal ansa, distal ansa |
|
|
Term
| Viewing the previous horizontal picture makes it clear why the reticulum in its cranial portion is at the level of the ___ rib, and on its deep surface contains this solid viscus ______ and caudally its caudal edge extends to about the ______ rib with most of its cranial and lateral surface being in direct contact with this flat musculotendinous structure ____ |
|
Definition
sixth
liver
8th
diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| The previous ventral view shows clearly that normally there is only a peritoneal space between the greater omentum and the ventral body wall with the jejunal mass being located in the _______ as can be seen when the caudal margin of the _______ is reflected cranially, and the only viscus that directly contacts the ventral abdominal floor is the ______ and perhaps the _____ of the rumen. When is there an exception to this? |
|
Definition
| supraomental recess, greater omentum, parietal surface of the abomasum, atrium ruminis, pregnancy |
|
|
Term
Liver location in ox:
Sheep/goat: |
|
Definition
ox: ventral end of 7th rib to last rib on right
Sheep/goat: about the same, more exposed caudal to basal border of lung in intercostal spaces 7-9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left, right, quadrate, caudate (caudate process and papillary process) |
|
|
Term
| Lobulation of the liver is better developed in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On the right side of the ox, the gallbladder should be in the _______ intercostal space at a level (dorsal/ventral) to the level of the biopsy site for the liver in the ______ intercostal space. The position of the liver in the ruminants results from the space taken by the _________, and thus the left lobe comes to lie on the _____ side of the abdominal cavity and a relatively ____ position compared to the right lobe |
|
Definition
tenth
ventral
11th
forestomach
right
cranioventral |
|
|
Term
| What ligament of the liver/diaphragm has dramatically changed location in the ruminants and next to what notch and two impression is it located? |
|
Definition
left triangular
esophageal notch
reticular and omasal impressions |
|
|
Term
On a comparative basis, how does the size of the spleen of the ruminants compare to that of the dog and horse?
what funcitonal difference is probably related to the size difference? |
|
Definition
smaller
not a storage spleen |
|
|
Term
| The fouth (last) centrifugal gyrus fo the spiral colon in the small ruminants may have a _____ flexure, and prior to this flexure will lie between the ____ distally and the _________ proximally. In general, the spiral colon of the small ruminants has (more/fewer) loops than the ox which (is/is not) consistent with the smaller ruminants being better adapted for arid climates. |
|
Definition
sigmoid
jejunum
mesenteric ln
more
is |
|
|
Term
| The superficial leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the (left/right) longitudinal grove of the rumen and the deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the (left/right) longitudinal grove of the rumen. the superficial leaf will continue to the right and attach to the greater curvature of the ________ as well as the antimesenteric side of the ______ and the deep leaf will eventually attach to the dorsal _______ |
|
Definition
left
right
abomasum
duodenum
body wall |
|
|
Term
| The sulcus that leads from the cardia to the omasal orifice and via this directly to the abomasum goes by a number of names including the _, __, and ____. It primary funciton is to ___ and is stimulated to close into a tube by ______ |
|
Definition
gastric groove, esophageal groove, reticular sulcus,
bypass the rumen
suckling |
|
|
Term
| Which vagal trunk (dorsal/ventral) is most critical to the normal funciton of the forestomachs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common location for a calf? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The ox has a true _ kidney. Do the small ruminants? does the ox have a renal pelvis and if not what does it have instead?
do the small ruminants have a renal pelvis?
does any have both? |
|
Definition
multilobar
No
No, calices
Yes
Yes, pigs and humans |
|
|
Term
| In dairy cattle at about what time to do the cranial and caudal superficial epigastric veins become functionally anastomotic and dilated to the point where the valves are incompetent and blood can flow cranially or caudally? |
|
Definition
| usually at about the time they freshen for the first time |
|
|
Term
| borders of the pelvic inlet |
|
Definition
sacral promontory
iliopectineal line
pecten ossis pubis |
|
|
Term
| borders of the pelvic outlet |
|
Definition
triangular
apex at Ca3
lateral edges fromed by caudal edges of sacrosciatic ligament
corners at tuber ischii
base at ischial arch |
|
|
Term
| Bony pelvis has what three components? |
|
Definition
ossa coxarum
sacrum
Cd1-3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ishiorectal fossa is located where? |
|
Definition
| b/w the pelvic diaphragm medially and the tuber ischii and sacrosciatic ligament laterally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
b/w S5-Ca1 or Ca1-Ca2
placed in epidural space
|
|
|
Term
| What nerves does an epidural block? |
|
Definition
S3,4,5 and caudal spinal nerves
blocks sensation from perineal region and birth canal |
|
|
Term
| Why does blocking fo the S3, S4 and S5 spinal nerves block straining due to the action of the abdominal muscles that get their moter innervation from the lumbar nerves? |
|
Definition
| blocking the afferent side of the reflex |
|
|
Term
| Sacral paraveretebral anesthesia |
|
Definition
Spares motor control of tail
alcohol block
start at S5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pudendal nerve, caudal rectal, associated branches
pass needle just medial to dorsal portion of sacrosciatic ligament
dorsal to internal iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| Which cupula pleura may extend cranial to first rib? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the sheep/goat, which parts of the stomach are larger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the ruminant, which side has a more distinct percussion? |
|
Definition
| Right because going to liver |
|
|
Term
| The size of the pelvic inlet from smallest to biggest are |
|
Definition
transverse
vertical
conjugata |
|
|
