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-first people in greece
-did not speak indo-European or greek
-flourished through trade |
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-came after minoans
-spoke greek
-flourished through conquest |
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-created genealogy of the gods with homer
-praises muses to gain authority
-ultimate theme is victory of zeus, but praises all gods to introduce the characters |
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| -created genealogy of the gods with hesiod |
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-earth
-produced uranos, ouranos, uranus
-also produced mountains and sea (pontos) |
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| production without a mate |
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-produced from the blood of ouranos as it hits the earth
-the melia are ash tree nymphs |
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-sexual desire
-associated with the kind of passion that makes people do bad things |
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-produced from the foam that occurred as a result of ouranos' genitals landing in the ocean
-ICONOGRAPHY- Naked, eros (1 or more), jewelry, looking at self in mirror, doves and swans
-picture of a naked woman in the ocean |
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-offspring of pontos and gaia
-snake, lion, goat
-point is these parents produce monsters |
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-most important oceanid
-slowly turns into a river |
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| -associated with witchcraft |
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-rhea dresses a stone in baby's clothes so cronos will think it is zeus.
-causes zeus to throw up ever god he has eaten
-belly button stone |
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-fight with the titans
-machy means fight
-cyclopes make thunderbolts for zeus, shows that he is a good leader.
-zeus also enlists the 100 handers by giving them nectar and ambrosia
-titans lose, thrown into tartaros |
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| -children of ouranos, mistreated by ouranos |
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-very monstrous and strong
-destroyed by zeus, ending titanomachy, buried beneath mount etna giving the volcano its name |
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| -volcanic, name is explained by zeus burying typhon beneath it. |
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-name means sky father
-son of cronos and rhea
-ICONOGRAPHY- staff/scepter, thunderbolt, large size, throne, beard
-in charge of justice |
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-2nd generation titan
-tricks zeus with clever arrangement of fat and bones.
-gives fire to the humans, punished by zeus
-chained to top of mtn, eagle picks out his liver everyday, grows back every night.
-provides aetiology for sacrifice |
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-brother to prometheus
-responsible for holding the world up |
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-related to prometheus and atlas
-questionable family |
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-all gifts
-miso-gyny-hatred of women
-one purpose; reproduction
-epimetheus and pandora create first human
-fashioned by hephaistus out of clay |
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| late greek author, sometimes makes incorrect comments but still preserves the myths |
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| discusses eclipse of 648 BCE and attributes it to the awesome power of zeus |
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-admits to preferring stories to truth
-uses story of prometheus to explain why humans are not able to defend themselves as well as other creatures are capable of |
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-daughter of king Inachos of argos
-zeus turned her into a cow to hide her from hera's view
-Hera takes cow, ties it to olive tree, sets argus to protect it |
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-wife of zeus
-ICONOGRAPHY- scepter, throne, coocoo bird, crown, almost always portrayed fully clothed. |
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| either the place or the person |
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-Zeus seduces her by turning himself into a bull
-gives birth to three sons; Minos, Rhadamanthus, Sarpedon
-gets married to asterios in crete
-picture of a woman riding a bull is probably europa |
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-daughter of acrisios of argos
-impregnated by zeus in the form of a shower of gold
-gives birth to perseus |
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wife of tyndareus
-zeus turns himself into a swan and seduces her |
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-wife of amphitruo
-zeus seduces her by turning himself into her husband |
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| -wife of poseidon, if you see a woman in his chariot, it is amphitrite |
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| -seduced by poseidon, turned into a river |
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| -locked up by poseidon, ends up having two children |
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| -seduced by poseidon, turned into a spring |
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(aidos)=unseen
-kidnaps Persephone
ICONOGRAPHY- crown, three headed dog (cerberus) |
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-mother of persephone
-helps plants and harvests grow
-ICONOGRAPHY-stalks of wheat in her hair, sits on throne sometimes
-story of persephone eating pomegranate explains the seasons |
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| persephone/proserpina/kore |
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-kidnapped and seduced by hades, eats pomegranate seed while in the underworld, must stay there 1/3 of the year
-ICONOGRAPHY- woman with a pomegranate, getting raped by hades, sitting on a throne with hades |
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-god of ocean, big deal Greeks were sailing people
-god of horses, god of earthquakes
-married to amphitrite
-melanipe; he locks her up and she has two children
-alope; gets seduced then turned into a spring
-also seduces theophane
ICONOGRAPHY- trident, hypokampos, chariot, aquatic imagery |
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| -said women enjoyed sex more, so hera blinded him and zeus felt bad so he gave him the gift of prophecy |
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| culturally specific, clashing systems of religion, ex: marriage |
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| personifications, archetypes |
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-goddess of the hearth, goddess of home
-modest and chaste
-ICONOGRAPHY- always in the background, head is often covered |
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-festival in athens
-well-to-do women of athens were allowed to go outside every year for this festival
-would tell promiscuous jokes, everyone had to go |
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| -you had to get taken into/initiated into this ceremonious cult |
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-artemis' twin
-god of imaginative culture
-ICONOGRAPHY- usually beardless, means he is associated with a young man, lyre, slender and athletic, wearing a laurel crown, often has a quiver and arrows, tripod.
-usually his affairs fail miserably. |
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-born from her zeus' head fully armed
-in charge of wisdom
-ICONOGRAPHY- wearing same battle equipment as ares, long tunic/dress, her bird is an owl, goddess of war, invented flute
-has technical intelligence |
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-Pythian Apollo
-apollo killed a giant python in order to take this spot over
-"know thyself" and "nothing in excess" |
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-apollo's twin
-sphere of influence- wild animals, chastity
-ICONOGRAPHY- hunting, wild animals, holding bow, nymphs, moon on crown
-kore- maiden
-actaeon- artemis changes him into a stag and his dogs eat him
-wears a phrygion cap |
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-most hateful of all the gods
-has power to start wars and power to stop wars
-ICONOGRAPHY- dressed for battle, always carries; spear, shield, helmet. often wears shorter tunic/robe |
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-festival
-all greek world comes together, for athena, athletic games |
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ICONOGRAPHY- usually has a beard, curly hair, crown of leaves around his head, somewhat heart shaped, wine cup, leopard print, pine cone, grapes
-twice born; ripped apart by titans, sewn into zeus' thigh, reborn |
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-half man half horse
-always want to have sex with everything, usually depicted with erect penises. |
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women who worshiped bacchus(dionysus)
-a cult, always depicted in a crazy state, depicted with animals because they may have torn up animals during rituals |
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daughter of minos, mistress of dionysus
-he saves her life and then marries her
-if woman with dionysus has her hair up, then it is ariadne |
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-god of boundaries, transitions, and thieves
-sings argos to sleep and kills him
-transported souls of important people to the underworld
-stole apollo's cattle
ICONOGRAPHY- herald's wand/snake staff, winged boots, always has a hat, beard is inconsistent |
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| a boundary/property line marker, sometimes has a penis |
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| child of hermes, tries to have sex with everyone and everything |
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| child of hermes and aphrodite with both sexual organs |
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| hephaistos/hephaestus/vulcan |
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ICONOGRAPHY- tools, lame, short tunic, no armor
-hera threw him off of olympos in disgust
-makes thrones for the gods, builds a trick throne for hera to get her back |
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| -a nymph who has a spring, tricks apollo into not setting up his temple at her place |
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-name means heaven
-father of titans, 100 handers, cyclopes
-father of cronos |
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| darkness, place of punishment beneath the underworld |
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-has affair with zeus and is turned into an island
-considered an honor for her to have a geographical feature named after her |
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-zeus turns himself into artemis and seduces callisto (could by a guy or a girl)
-callisto is the attendant of artemis
-gets turned into a bear, killed by her own son while hunting.
-gods take pity on her and her son and turn them into constellations |
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-a prince, seduced by zeus
-rewarded by being turned into an immortal, becomes a cup bearer for the gods |
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