Which critic was interested in the history of the Indo-European language family?

Jacob Grimm

Who wrote Kinder-und Hausmarchen?

Jacob Grimm

Who realized and applied the fact that myth is a function of language?

Jacob Grimm

Who thought that myths came about as a way of explaining the apparent behavior of nature before the days of science? (think solar myths)

Max Muller

Who said "Myth is a disease of language"?

Max Muller

Who wanted to prove that the myths of the Trojan War were based on real events which could be located in history?

Heinrich Schliemann

Who devoted much energy to ridiculing some of the wilder excesses of the "Solar" theorists?

Andrew Lang

Who believed that myths had grown as a response to material, social, and economic systems in which the whole of mankind had lived? (not necessarily etiological for nature)

Andrew Lang

Who was one of the biblical scholars to acknowledge the effect of evolution on religion as a distinctly human phenomenon?

(think Scottish, the "We Freeds")

William Robertson Smith

Who was one of the first proponents of ritual theory (the view that rituals had been originally devised as attempts to control nature by sympathetic magic)?

William Robertson Smith

Who wrote The Golden Bough?

(He was also interested in religion and its evolution)

Sir James G. Frazer

Who said that the chief themes of tree-worship and sacral kingship recur in combination with each other as religious symbols in myths and folk tales?

Sir James G. Frazer

Who said that myth act like a safety-valve, similar to dreams?

Sigmund Freud

Who perceived myths as reflections of archetypes of the collective unconscious?

Carl Gustav Jung

Who wrote the book Morphology of the Folktale?

Vladimir Propp

Who formulated a system by which each story follows a regular pattern of episodes?

(think Dramatis personae)

Vladimir Propp

Who disregarded the narrative order of a story and created an approach to understanding myths by looking for polarization motifs?

Claude Levi-Strauss

Who believed that Levi-Strauss' approach to structural analysis could be applied to Classical Greek myths if the scholar was smart enough?

Walter Burkert

Who wrote the book Structure and History in Greek Mythology and Ritual?

Walter Burkert

What plays the role of the outcast who does not conform to normal category-divisions of species?

The trickster!

Who was the primary ancient Greek trickster, who qualified as a god but always failed to become one?

Prometheus

What is a Hubris?

An insult

Who was the rural trickster and Robin Hood equivalent in Lancashire/West Midlands?

Ned Ludd

During the industrial revolution, what were the anti-machinery groups that sabotaged factories during the night known as?

Luddites

Who was the spider trickster in the Southwestern states among the native tribes?

Iktome

What was the trickster in Latin America that also symbolized immortality?

(It's an animal...)

The snake

What is a psychopomp?

A god or spirit who takes care of the souls of people that have died

Which male god is most closely associated with sympathetic magic and is a psychopomp?

Hermes

Dionysos and Appollo (gods) and the Theban prophet Teiresias were the equivalent of medicine men, also known as... ?

Shamans

The communicating and deriving of powers from the world of nature is also known as... ?

(Think The Sun-Catcher)

Shamanism

What is the parent language that all modern languages have descended from?

Indo-European

What is Grimm's Law?

a system of rules by which we can predict the phonic shifts which occur when languages break down into dialects and those former dialects then become languages in their own right

What was the most popular type of Creation Myth current in ancient Greece?

The Sacred Marriage of Earth and Sky

What purposes did the popular creation myth of the sacred marriage serve?

(A) a one-time-fits all explanation of how our universe came into eistence

(B) an explanation for the seasons

Which ancient Greek writer was a farmer and composed Work and Days?

Hesiod

According to Hesiod, who was first in the creation of things?

Chaos

According to Appollodorus, who was the first ruler over the universe?

Uranus

Which two gods together created the 12 titans?

Uranus and Gaea (Ge)

According to Appollodorus, Uranus did what to his children?

He ate them! Or threw them into Tartarus.

According to Hesiod, Uranus did what to his children?

Forced them to stay inside Gaea!

Both Appollodorus and Hesiod write that Cronus was given this type of weapon as a child to use against his father, Uranus.

A sickle

Cronus cut off his father's...

GENITALS. AHHHH!

According to Hesiod, from the foam of Uranus' genitals in the water came...

Aphrodite

Nemesis means...

Not destruction itself, but more so the path to it. Usually caused by insult (hubris)

The children of Cronus and Rhea are...

Hestia, Hera, Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Zeus

There are 3 Titans with names that start with the letter "c". Who are they?

Coeus, Crius, Cronus

What did Cronus do to his children to ensure no other descendants of Uranus should try to take over?

He ate them! The sick bastard!

Who was known to the Romans as Mercury?

Hermes

Who was known to the Romans as Neptune?

Poseidon

Who was known to the Romans as Liber?

Dionysus

Who was known to the Romans as Jupiter?

Zeus

Who was also known as Bacchus?

Dionysus

Who was the sea-god?

Poseidon

Who was the messenger of the gods?

Hermes

Who was Hermes father?

Zeus

Who was the god of moisture in nature?

Dionysus

Who was the patron god of travelers and thieves?

Hermes

Who was Artemis' twin brother?

Apollo

Who was the father of Polyphemus, the cyclops?

Poseidon

Who normally carries the trident?

Poseidon

Who normally carries the Thyrsus?

Dionysus

Who normally carries the Aegis?

Zeus

Who normally carries the Kerykeion/Caducaeus?

Hermes

Who married Hera?

Zeus

Who was the rain-god?

Zeus

Who had the epithet Phoebus?

Apollo

Who was the male archer god?

Apollo

Who was the archer goddess?

Artemis

Who was known to the Romans as Vesta?

Hestia

Who was known to the Romans as Minerva?

Athene

Who was known to the Romans as Diana?

Artemis

Who was known to the Romans as Venus?

Aphrodite

Who was known to the Romans as Juno?

Hera

Who was the goddess of fires and domestic life?

Hestia

Who was the goddess of love and fertility?

Aphrodite

Who was most commonly associated with doves, geese, sparrows, and Eros?

Aphrodite

Who was most commonly associated with owls and olive trees?

Athena

Who fired silver arrows?

Artemis

Who was the patron goddess of hunting?

Artemis

Who was the protector of wild animals?

Artemis

Who had the epithet Pallas?

Athena

Who was known to the Romans as Ceres?

Demeter

Who composed The Iliad?

Homer

What is an epithet?

A word or phrase commonly used in conjunction with a name, to describe or amplify it, especially in traditional poetry

What male god is the closest to being considered a solar god?

Apollo

Who was Athena's father?

Zeus

Who was the patron god of the city of Corinth?

I DON'T KNOW. GREG, FIND THIS FOR ME... IT'S QUESTION 16 ON TEST 2... :)

To whom did Teiresias' ghost tell Odysseus to sacrifice after returning home?

Poseidon

Who was the queen of Ogygia?

Calypso

Who was the king of Argos and Mycenae?

Agamemnon

Who gave Odysseus the most obvious useful advice when he spoke with souls from the underworld?

Agamemnon

Who was a senior Greek officer and mentor to Odysseus?

Nestor, King of Pylos

Who's name equates her with a puppy, and is also a sea monster?

Scylla

Who's name means hidden?

Calypso

Who was considered guilty of killing the cattle of the Sun-god Helios?

Odysseus (right?)

Who was the daughter of Atlas?

Calypso

Who was the ancient Greek warrior-goddess?

Athena

Who's name is equal to meaning hawk or falcon and lives on the island Aeaea?

Circe

Daughter of Helios, turned Odysseus' men into pigs and gave him directions to the underworld...

Circe

Who was the war god?

Ares (Mars)

Who was the god of fire?

Hephaestus (Vulcan)

Who was known to the Romans as Dis?

Hades

Who was a bling Greek rhapsode in approximately the eighth century BC?

Homer

Who was the famous Roman poet?

Ovid

Other than the 3 Titans with "c" names, there are 3 other male Titans... Their names are:

Oceanus, Hyperion, Iapetus

There are 7 female Titans.3 of them have names starting with "t". They are:

Tethys, Themis, Theia

The other 4 female Titans are:

Rhea, Mnemosyne (memory), Dione

The parents of the 6 Olympians were:

Rhea and Cronus

Katabasis means...?

Journey to hell; narrative, ritual, chthonic, initiatory

Who are rhapsodies?

Oral poets who memorized and improvised material

Who's poems were didactic?

Hesiod's

Who's poems were narrative?

Homer's

The poems about creation all the way to the troy cycle are known as... ?

Cyclic

The Eleusinian MINOR mysteries can be related to...?

Spring, happy girl

The Eleusinian MAJOR mysteries can be related to...?

October, fall, the beginning of winter

Kore =

Girl

Persis =

Murder, destruction

Phone =

Voice

Agora =

Marketplace

Hiera Hodos =

Sacred Way

Kokkeion =

Demeter's sacred drink

According to Hesiod, Uranus named his children the titans because it means...?

rebels, trouble-makers

One of the sky goddesses that is associated with sympathetic magic is...?

Hecate

Which titan is imprisoned and then seen as an etiological myth to explain volcanic fumes and disease blowing from the south?

Typhoeus

Nyx =

Night

Pontus =

salt sea

What was the material used by Gaea to make the sickle that Cronus used to castrate his father?

Adamont

The food and waters of immortality were?

Apples, nectar and ambrosia

The Doric greek army cadets were also known as... ? And they were baby-sitters for baby Zeus!

Curetes

The people who lived in Crete during the Bronze Age were... ?

The Minoan culture

Who was the Earth mother from the island of Crete and can be found in the form of statues throughout history?

Rhea

Brontes, Steropes, and Arges were etiological characters for... ?

Cyclopes = thunderstorms

The 3 furies can be related to.. ?

The 3 ghosts that haunted Mr. Scrooge!

What was the purpose of the furies?

To haunt people who commit crimes against nature (to the point of insanity)

Leto =

"Hidden Lady", goddess of the night sky, lady of Delos, mother of Artemis & Apollo

Who is the mother of Aphrodite in Homer?

Dione

What is the name of the small island that doesn't support year-round population and is regarded as the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis?

Delos

Which goddess was depicted as lady luck and the counterpart of Hermes?

Hecate

Who was the most famous daughter of Oceanus?

Styx

Who was the earliest known philosopher to express direct criticism of anthropomorphic polytheism?

Xenophanes

Who, on the issue of divine supremacy in all things, drew the conclusion that God is One?

Xenophanes

Who were the Logographoi?

Greek word-writers, or writers of story/argument (authors) who were the first to use prose as a medium

Who were the Sophists?

(The Wise Guys)

("wisdom specialist") the people who applied the disciplines of planned, logical argument to the understanding of philosophy and/or science.

Who was the earliest sophist of whom we know anything about who used myths for speech material?

Gorgias of Leontini

What is this method of criticism called: isolate the least acceptable motif in a given myth and  explain it away with reference to a noteworthy detail in an everyday object.

Material criticism, a method preferred by the early generation of critics

Who was the first recorded prose historian in Greece?

Hecataeus of Miletus, around 500 BC

Geryon =

a monster that has three heads, monster-sized cattle, and a dog with three heads

Who wrote the story of Hercules and the Argonauts?

Herodorus of Heraclea

Palaephatus

Who was Lynceus? What is a logical explanation for his myth?

The hero with x-ray vision. The truth: miner, took a lamp with him underground.

Aeolus can be remembered from the Odyssey as the guy who had power over the winds. What is the logical explanation for this?

He was an astrologer who told Odysseus the times and bearings of certain winds. "power".

Palaephatus' explanation for Pandora:

Rich Greek woman who used a lot of makeup that was made from clay at the time

Which ancient critic was sentenced to death for blasphemy against the gods and corrupting the minds of young people?

(he never wrote any books or poems either)

Socrates

Socrates

Who became the main source of Socrates' teachings?

Plato, his student

Who wrote The Republic, a lengthy discussion of the qualities needed to furnish the constitution and government of the ideal state?

Plato

Whose teachings were carried on as the foundation for Stoicism?

Zeno of Citium

Who had a strong influence in the development of Christianity, especially in the use of Logos (=reason) as the Word of God?

The Stoics

Who thought that the traditional polytheistic system was really just a reflection of the forces of nature under the control of Zeus or Logos?

The Stoics

How do you use allegory to understand anthropomorphic polytheism?

through examination of hidden or inner meanings in myths and in the characteristics of gods and goddesses.

Which ancient critic took his basic ideas from the Atomists, especially Democritus, and developed a more evolutionary approach to the creation of the universe?

(his writings have pretty much all been lost)

Epicurus

What is ataraxia???!?!?!?!

An epicurean ideal saying that, since there is no afterlife, you should respect what you have on earth.

What does Euhemerism concentrate on?

The treatment of myths as exaggerated history.

What does allegory concentrate on?

Symbolic representations

Who wrote the essay "On Astrology"?

Lucian of Samosata

Who is also called Iacchus, Bacchus, or Bromius?

Dionysus

Who were the oriental women that followed Dionysus to Greece?

Chorus of Bacchae

What is the first stage of Dionysiac worship?

Dance

What is the second stage of Dionysiac worship?

Orei Basia (mountain - going)

What is the third stage of Dionysiac worship?

Sparagmos (gods send a victim in animal form, they surround it, and literally tear it apart)

What is the fourth stage of Dionysiac worship?

Omophagia (raw eating)

Cadmus

Semele

Agave