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Greek Mythology UCSB
Classics 40 UCSB Final
67
Classics
Undergraduate 2
06/04/2011

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Term

Aphrodite

Definition
  • Aphrodite is in love with mortal Anchises, seduces him. Next morning she tells him she is a goddess, don’t tell anyone you slept with me, or else you will be castrated.
  • Athena remains immune to Aphrodite because emotions cant get involved in government, etc.
  • To come under the spell of Aphrodite means to be able to experience erotic love. Eros- erotic, irrational love  
  • Cyprus is Aphrodite’s home
  • Born out of the foam of the ocean that came from Uranus’ genitals
  • Married to Hephaistos (cripple)
Term
Apollo
Definition
  • Artemis and Apollo are brother/sister. Leto is their mother, gave birth on Delos

  • Oracle at Delphi, (Apollo’s place), priestess Pythia. Apollo kills a python to get the land at Delphi.

  • symbol is the snake

Term
Ares
Definition
  • God of war, Aphrodite has an affair with him, cheating on her husband Hephaistos
Term
Artemis
Definition
  • Artemis and Apollo are brother/sister. Leto is their mother, gave birth on Delos
  • symbol is deer
  • Goddess of the hunt
Term
Askra
Definition
  • Hesiod is from here. It’s a place.
Term
Athena
Definition
  • Athena remains immune to Aphrodite because emotions cant get involved in government, etc.
  • symbol is owl
Term
Atlas
Definition
  • Primordial titan who supported the heavens
Term
Chaos
Definition
  • In the beginning there was chaos.
  • He was among the primordial force
  • there was also gaia (mother earth)
Term
Chimaira
Definition
  • monster, three parts serpent goat and lion
Term
Cyprus
Definition
  • Aphrodite’s home
Term
Demeter
Definition
  • Persephone is the daughter, Zeus is the father.

  • Hades kidnaps Persephone, Demeter (mom) gets sad, consults Helios & Hekate to find where her daughter went. Demeter ends up in Eleusis, becomes a nurse to blend in.

  • People piss her offf tells them to build a temple, etc. creates famine. Finally Zeus takes charge, sends Hermes (not iris) to tell Persephone to leave. She eats a pomegranate seed, has to live with Hades for 1/3 of year explains the seasons.

Term
Dike (Justice)
Definition
  • the spirit of moral order, represented by Themis
Term
Echidna
Definition
  • The “mother of all monsters” the worst female monster/daughter of Gaia
Term
Eos
Definition
  • in love with mortal (Tithonus)
  • Eos is the god of the dawn
  • She wishes to give him an immortal life, but forgets to give him eternal youth. Tithonus shrinks, gets put in a box.
Term
Erebos
Definition
  • son of primordial god chaos, represented as darkness and shadow
Term
Eris (Strife)
Definition
  • greek word

  • Strife is good and bad in works and days. Friendly competition is good, murder etc is bad.

Term
Eros
Definition
  • erotic, irrational love.
  • he was born very early, one of the primordial forces.
Term
Fates
Definition
  • white robed incarnations of destiny
Term
Furies
Definition
  • female personifications of vengeance, of the anger of the dead
Term
Gaia
Definition
  • is mother earth
  • one of the primordial forces
Term
Graces
Definition
  • goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility
Term
Hades
Definition
  • God of the underworld.
  • Takes Persephone from Demeter.
  • Feeds her the seed of the pomegranate so she has to come back for 1/3 of every year.
Term
Hekate
Definition
  • one of the two oracles (along with Helios) Demeter consults to find the location of her daughter
  • He is in the underworld.
Term
Helikon
Definition
  • a river in the Macedonian city
Term
Helios
Definition
  • one of the two oracles (along with Hekate) Demeter consults to find the location of her daughter.
  • He is the oracle of the sun
Term
Hephaistos
Definition
  • Husband of Aphrodite, son of Hera
  • God of blacksmithing
  • cripple, zeus threw him off the mountain
Term
Hera
Definition
  • wife of Zeus, extremely jealous, hates Herakles
  • symbol is peacock
Term
Herakles
Definition
  • Zeus slept with mortal Alpimena while she was pregnant

  • she gave birth to twins, one Zeus was father (Herakles) and one Amphitryon (Ithicles)

  • adopts Herakles

  • Hera hates Heracles. She drives him crazy kills and  his first wife name Megara, two children.

  • Penance is twelve labors. Reports to Eurythsius.

  • Burned himself alive. Mortal self goes to underworld, immortal part becomes deified after death

Term
Hestia
Definition
  • virgin goddess of the hearth and architecture
Term
Hope
Definition
  • after Pandora let all of the evil out of her jar, hope remained
Term
Hydra
Definition
  • one of the early monsters
  • ultimately killed by Herakles
Term
Iapetos
Definition
  • the father of Prometheus, and Epimithious
Term
Iris
Definition
  • the other messenger god
Term
Kerberos
Definition
  • the hound of Hades
Term
Kronos
Definition
  • descendant of Gaia and Uranus (the sky)
  • a titan, the father of Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, Hera, and Chiron
  • overthrew his father, only to be overthrown by his own sons Zeus, Hades, Poseidon
  • depicted with sickle (weapon used to castrate Ouranos)
Term
Kythereia
Definition
  • another name for Aphrodite
Term
Leto
Definition
  • the mother of Apollo and Artemis
Term
Metis
Definition
  • Athena’s mom, but Zeus gave birth to Athena
Term
Mnemosyne
Definition
  • mother of the muses
Term
Muses
Definition
  • should be consulted if you need musical inspiration
Term
Nereus
Definition
  • lord of the sea
  • has 50 daughters
Term
Okeanos
Definition
  • the godlike personification of the world ocean-river, what the Greeks imagined the whole ocean to be
Term
Olympos
Definition
  • mountain on which the gods live and drink nectar and eat ambrosia and do god stuff
Term
Ouranos
Definition
  • one of the original gods.
  • gets his genitalia chopped off and it falls into the ocean and creates foam, out of which Aphrodite is birthed
Term
Pandora
Definition
  • Prometheus’ second punishment for teaching the humans the trick of the sacrifice where they make two piles, one of bones/fat and one of meat, and cover both in hide, and know that the gods will choose the fat pile because of the scent.

  • Pandora brought with her a jar that when opened let all the evil into the world but kept in it hope.

  • Married the dopey Epimithious

Term
Pegasos
Definition
  • was a winged horse born out of the decapitated neck of medusa

  • Perseus killed medusa

Term
Perses
Definition
  • titan god of destruction
Term
Perseus
Definition
  • brother of Hesiod
  • killed medusa
  • Hero badass of Athens, founder of Mycenae
Term
Pleiades
Definition
  • seven sisters of Greek mythology
  • daughters of atlas
Term
Poseidon
Definition
  • sea god
  • symbol is the horse
Term
Prometheus
Definition
  • showed humans the technology of fire

  • punishment is getting his liver picked at by an eagle.

  • He is freed by Heracles

  • Trick of the sacrifice – kill the ox. Prometheus says gods don’t need everything. Two piles. Bones and fat, meat. Covers both with hide. Zeus chooses fat pile because it smells good. Punishment – Pandora came to earth

Term
Proteus
Definition
  • the first sea god, homer called him “old man of the sea”
  • primordial sea god
Term
Rhea
Definition
  • daughter of Uranus and Gaia
Term
Selene
Definition
  • moon god, daughter of the titans
Term
Styx
Definition
  • river (god) in the underworld
  • symbolic of the struggle of life
Term
Tartaros
Definition
  • one of the first gods, imaged as a dark dungeon-like place beneath the underworld
Term
Themis
Definition
  • ruled over moral justice, Dike
Term
Thetis
Definition
  • a lesser sea goddess
Term
Titans
Definition
  • primordial gods, eventually overthrown by Zeus
Term
Typhoeus (Typhaon)
Definition
  • the “Father of all monsters”,
  • the worst monster, final son of Gaia
Term
Zeus
Definition
  • God of Gods
  • If you don’t know who someone’s father is, guess Zeus
Term

Reader

Ch. 11 (Dionysus)

Definition
  • Zeus is father, Semele is mother. Maenads (aka Bacchae) follow him around. Pentheus is his cousin, dresses like a woman, mom is Agave, lives in Thebes.

  • His instrument is a Thyrsus

  • Agave kills Pentheus rips of his head. She is in a state of ecstasy (literally, stand outside oneself)

  • Homeric Hymn – Captured by pirates, try to bind him on a ship, turns into different shapes, bear, lion, breaks free, turns all but helmsman into dolphins. Helmsman suspected Dionysus was a god.

  • Cadmus and Tiresias (blind prophet) are wearing garb of Dionysus. Cadmus founds Thebes. Fights a dragon. Dragons teeth get planted in the ground and people came out.

  • Eurpides – the name of the story in it’s play form

Term

Reader

Ch. 20 (Herakles)

Definition
  •  Mom and dad. Mom is Alcmena – birth father is Zeus, adoptive father is Amphitryon.

  • Twin brother is Ithicles. Do not have same father. Hera hates Heracles. Drives him crazy kills his first wife name Megara, two children, in Thebes. Penance is twelve labors. Reports to Eurythsius.

  • Burned himself alive. Mortal self goes to underworld, immortal part becomes deified after death

  • Omphale – ‘belly button’, second wife of Herakles

  • Argos – the city in which he was king

  • Eurystheus – the ‘bad guy’ in the Herakles story. Hera uses him to attempt to keep Herakles down.

  • Deianira – Third wife of Herakles

  • Atlas – was tricked by Herakles into taking the sky back into his arms.

Term

 The Twelve Labors

Definition
  • Slay the Nemean Lion.

  • Slay the nine-headed Lernaean Hydra.

  • Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis.

  • Capture the Erymanthian Boar.

  • Clean the Augean stables in a single day.

  • Slay the Stymphalian Birds.

  • Capture the Cretan Bull.

  • Steal the Mares of Diomedes.

  • Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons.

  • Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon.

  • Steal the apples of the Hesperides.

  • Capture and bring back Cerberus.

Term

Reader

 Ch. 21 (Theseus)

Definition
  •  King Minos lives on Crete in the castle Knossos. Which contains the labyrinth.

  • Theseus goes to Crete, pays tribute of seven boys and girls get killed by the Minotaur. Minotaur (half man, half bull) lives in the labyrinth.

  • Ariadne helps Theseus escape the labyrinth with a ball of yarn

     Parents of minotaur = Pasiphae and a bull from the sea.

  • Aphrodite had Daedalus make Pasiphae a wooden cow to copulate with. Daedalus son = Icarus. Icarus died by flying to close to the son, wore wings made of wax to escape from Crete.

  • Aegus – King of Athens at the time, killed himself when the sails on the incoming vessel weren’t proper, indicating a failed mission by Theseus. Turns out Theseus just forgot.

  • Naxos – The city in Crete.

Term

Reader

Ch. 16 (Oedipus)

Definition
  • Two parents, named Jocasta and Laius. Laius herd an oracle that his son was going to murder him, so he abandoned his son, exposed him on a mountain.

  • Polybus and Merope, king and queen of Corinth, adoptive parents of Oedipus. Creon tells Oedipus to go to the Oracle at Delphi, (Apollo’s place), talk to the priestess Pythia. Oracle tells Oedipus that he’s going to kill his father and marry his mother.

  • Oedipus returns to Thebes solves the sphinx’s riddle, answer is humans.

  • Names of the children – Antigone. Jacosta kills herself.

  • Oedipus blinds himself, leaves Thebes,

  • Oedipus ends up in Colonus (part of Athens) after he wanders there.  Theseus shows up. Oedipus ultimately dies by disappearing into the ground in Athens

Term
Hermes
Definition
  • invented the Lyre out of a tortoise shell
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