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| bronze-age civilization of Crete. Linear A was discovered here. |
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| the dominant society of bronze-age Greece. Linear B was discovered here. Cyclopean walls surrounded their palaces. |
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| ancient Greek poet, wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey |
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| author of the Theogony, a history of the gods. He also wrote Works and Days, a lecture on morality to his brother. |
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| A central city & its adjacent territory. Had formal political unification and a central government. |
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| Foot soldiers formed the tightly-packed phalanx, each soldier holding a spear, sword, helmet, and shield. Opposing phalanxes would collide and push each other. Nobles and poorer men fought side by side. |
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| A formation of hoplite soldiers. |
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Kouros = young male (naked)
Kore = young maiden (clothed) |
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| place of gathering, a marketplace for secular activites |
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| the legendary lawgiver of Sparta, who established the military-oriented reformation of Spartan society |
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| a politician who abolished debt slavery in Athens |
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| He was a relative of Solon. He faked being injured so he could get a bodyguard & then get control of the Acropolis. He got thrown out, but then Megacles brought him back if he would marry Megacles’ daughter. But then Megacles drove him out because he kept pulling out when he boned Megacles’ daughter. During his exile he gathered an army and took over Athens AGAIN until he died. Though he was cray-cray, under him commerce & trade in Athens grew and there were more jobs, & he minted the famous owl coins. |
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| the Council of the Areopagus, a group of ex-archons, met on the hill (pagos) sacred to the god Ares |
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| Greeks & Persians battled here. |
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| A group of about 150 poleis that met at Delos to take oaths to contain Persia and gather compensation for damages done to Greece during the war. Sparta was a notable nonmember. |
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| Walls linking Athens to the port of Piraeus, making the town impossible to siege by land. |
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| a poet who wrote Epinician odes to celebrate athletic victories |
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| a famous statue of the High Greek Classical period, embodied action, anticipation, & excitement |
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| had a blend of Doric & Ionic styles and designed to be especially aesthetically pleasing. It was built without a single straight line to compensate for distortion caused by the curvature of the Earth. |
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| A dude that studied history by interrogating people. He wrote about the Persian wars even though he wasn’t alive to remember them. |
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| Aeschylus wrote the Oresteia, a trilogy including Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, & The Eumenides. It’s about a dude named Agamemnon, whose wife Clytemnestra killed him, so his son kills her & is cleared by Athena. |
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| Sophocles wrote The Theban Plays, consisting of Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, & Antigone. Oedipus kills his dad and has kids with his mom. |
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| Euripides wrote Medea. Medea is scorned by her husband Jason so she kills their kids. |
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| Intellectuals of Athens, practiced debate. |
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| Saw the actions of people as exclusively responsible for the way things turn out. He was an eyewitness to many historical events so he was much more critical and impartial than Herodotus. |
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| leader of the Athenian army during the Peloponnesian war |
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| Athenian general who led the failed Sicilian expedition. He defected to Sparta, then to Persia, and then went back to Athens. |
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| Athenian government in 411 BCE. They wanted a democracy limited to landowners. They were super oligarchic. |
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| The victorious generals were executed because they didn’t collect the bodies of the dead for a proper burial. |
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| Alcibiades told the Athenians to move from their vulnerable position, but they didn’t listen so they were all captured. |
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| The Thirty sentenced tons of people to death for no real reason. After they fell from power, Athens & Sparta decided to declare an amnesty for all but the Thirty & their chief officers. |
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| He was put on trial for speaking against democracy and teaching the oligarchs Alcibiades and Critias. The official charges were not believing in the gods of the state, teaching new gods, and corrupting the youth. We know about Socrates’ teachings from Plato & Aristophanes. Socrates taught about inductive reasoning & universal definitions. |
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| Plato wrote dialogues about philosophical stuff like what is love? What is beauty? What is justice? etc., and about the difference between the abstract and the tangible. He also talked about the Forms and the idea that an essential ideal exists on a higher plane, and what we see is a reflection of that ideal. Plato’s ideal state was an idealized oligarchy that should be ruled by philosopher-kings. |
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| Aristotle liked nature. He thought that the polis and human existence were one in the same – humans would always be drawn to forming a community. He was a misogynist – he thought women were simply “deformed men.” |
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| king of Macedonia, father of Alexander the Great. Known for his diplomacy skills. Assassinated by his bodyguard. |
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| Demosthenes was an Athenian politician & orator who spoke against Philip so strongly that his speeches came to be called “Philippics.” |
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| Philip's wife, Alexander's mother |
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| son of Philip, conquered a crapton of Asia, died from being drunk |
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| city founded by Alexander |
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| Menander wrote New Comedy, which was kind of like a sitcom, revolving around family issues. |
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| Stoics were followers of Zeno. Stoics believed that no outside force should affect a man’s quest for good and that all things happen for a divine reason. Stoics wanted to pursue virtue by preserving order and serving the state |
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| Epicureans were followers of Epicurus. They believed that the greatest good was ataraxia, or not being disturbed by anything. They didn’t want to participate in government so as not to cause distress. Over-indulgence in food, drink, & sex was discouraged. They also believed that gods existed, but they didn’t intervene in human affairs. |
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| one of Alexander's generals who became a pharaoh in Egypt. |
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