Title: Harpist

Time: 2700BCE, ECII

Artist:

Place: Cyldades (Keros)

Style: mimases: mimicing real life situaitons and people

- abstactions: most look like just a face with a nose b/c hte face was painted

Significance: offered as presents to the dead

- heads often broken off b/c thrown down before placed in burrial

- accompianing female figures with folded arms

History: the burial thing

Title: Snake Goddess from Knosos

Time: 1600 BCE (MM III)

Artist: Minoan

Place: Crete (Knossos)

Style: Figural style - dependent on geometric shapes

Significance: Shows relationshups to Near Eastern and Mesopotamian figures

- could possibly be early athena reference (the mer-ne-it was in egypt at the time)

- owl on top of head which is a pre-cursor to Athena (wisdom)

-Ying minoan men and women wear ery large belt to show off waist, best athletes in ancient world

-May have initiated Olympic game

-Trace back to Crete

History: From early sanctuaries

- clothing is typical of women from the time

the very long dress w/ the dress exposed was a gesture inviting the gods of fertility and inviting health and fertility and good delivery of children

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Title: Kamares Wares

Time: 2100 BCE, MII

Artist: Minoan

Place: Crete (Knosos Phaistos)

Style: Pithos: large jars able to store food for the winter and if sealed w/ clay can have wine that can age

- Very light “eggshell ware”

-the weird opens are abstractions from flowers they see in nature

- Light on dark: Use yellow red and orange in a polychrome (multicolor)

Significance:

- prefer to use their interpretation of what they see versus depicting exactly what they see (Decoration drawn from naturalism)

History:First time in history of making pots taht pottery was exported for its own sake (b/c it was beautiful)

- Always found in palaces

-  Used for festivals

Title: Throne room

Time: 1425BCE - 1390 LMI

Artist: Minoan (throne) Mycenean (art)

Place: Knosos

Style:

- Carved out a of a single piece of alabaster phalsite

- modest style, small and intimate

Significance:

- perhaps religious sentitment

- can tell that the Miceneans painted over the frescoes b/c there was no wings on the griffin and they were more hasty in painting

History:

- probably used for religous ceremonies or rites

- Arthur Evans destroyed anything he thought was Mycenean

Title: Knossos Starage Rooms

Time: 1600-1480, LMI

Artist: Minoan

Place: Knossos

Style:

- lay the stones inward

Significance:

- used as a type of food pantry where people would store their surpluss and come use at a time when their food was low

History:

- contained pithos of olive oil and grain possibly for tax payments

Title: Bull Leaping Fresco

Time: 1425, LM I

Artist: Minoan

Place: East Wall Knossos

Style:

- ancient art depicts ONE person going through the leaping process

- dark immages are guys and the light immages are girls

Significance:

- demonstrating the rite of passage

- not a true fresco b/c painting on dry wall

- bull carried Europa to crete

- emphasize danger by showing the bull larger

History:

- bull leaping as coming of age rits

- both men and women compete (very dangerous and they are fearful and have to walk through the corridor and prove courage by walking throuhg it)

- if peopel died, considered sacrafice to fertility

- grab horns and cannot touhc the bull through the summersault

Title: Harvest Vase

Time: 1550-1500, LM

Artist: Minoan

Place: Agia Triada, Crete

Style:

- rhyta: libation vessel

realistic immage (free interpreation)

- light hearted picture (laughter)

Significance:

- shape of ostrich egg

- libation vessel

History:

Title:Sarcophagus

Time: 1400BC

Artist: Minoan

Place:Agia Triada

Style:

1) the black birds (shown in a double axe) are shown larger than life and symbolize death and the miporatance of it

2) the depcition of the body holds two calves, if you toch the lips with the blood of a sacrificial animal, then the spirits can talk, this means the depiction is not of the body but of the spirit (giving him a voice)

3) one guy is holding libations (rhyta) and another playing music

4) one guys is holding a boat symbolizing the trip to the afterlife (the griffins (on top) are a possible represenation of this

- limestone, covered in plaster painted in fresco

Significance:

- link to egyptian culture, retained by the greeks

- shows a belief in life after death

History:

- belief in life after death

Title: Rhyton (hillside santuary)

Time: 1450BCE, LMI

Artist: Minoan

Place: Zakros

Style:

- no humans

Significance:

- lack of humans celebrated divinity and nature

- depiction of wild goats important in ancient greek culture (agrimi)

History:

  1) Carried the idea of a mother earth goddess from ancient times

2) In crete, every mountain top became a sanctuary and in modern day every mountain top has a chapel top and they are all named after st. elias, equivialnt of a sun god (every hiltop had a sanctuary)

Title: Grave Circle A

Time:1500 BCE

Artist: Mycenean

Place:

Style:

- shaft graves

Significance:

- proved what Homer talked about wasn't fiction

- 19 people

- funerary gifts such as gold weapons

- belief in afterlife

History:

- upper class large grave

Title: Inlaid Daggers

Time: 1550-1500BC

Artist: Mycenean

Place: Grave Circle A

Style:

- Niello (ead and potassium mixture): acts like an inlace; a glue of dark blue galss (It is lost now) (this same niello is found in egypt and shows trade)

- nilodic motifs: from the river nile

- Hunting lions, or lions hunting brids and other animls in the nile delta, whichis symbolized on the left side by pyros plants (the most abundant plant of egypt)

- And a lot of animals like hippos!, ancient Egyptians like to hunt them to protet the good life of the nile delta

- See a mixture of greek and Egyptian motifs

- Inlaid with scenes of hunting. (in an egyptian infused w greek fashion)

Significance:

-pieces (the inlaid pieces) are a specially made material from this culture

- depictions came from egypt, shows trade

- Marked by personalized grave markers called stelai
- Large amount of gold and weapons buried to carry on with the dead in the after life
- Gold masks show attempt at portraiture
- Presence of weapons show that Mycenaeans were warlike

History:

- At this time we have the exact same technique in Egypt in the tomb of the first pharaoh of the 18^th dynasy (Ah-mose, the famous one of egypt)

- So these people helped the pharoh and were given a lot of gold and became rich and powerful

- Continues to show belief in afterlife
- Extension of the ideas expressed by sarcophagus at Agia Ther

Title: Treasury of Atreus

Time:1300 - 1250BCE

Artist: Mycenean

Place: supposed tomb of Atreus

Style:

- once had wooden doros overlaid with metal

Significance:

- Homer's Oddesy and Ilian were not based on fiction but a forgotten past

- treasure burried with the dead

- Built into hillside and followed the contours of the landscape
- Impressive example of dry stone masonry
- Structural and purposeful, very little ornament.

- Completely unlike Minoan architecture
- Expandable and flexible

History:

- Myceneans fought as mercenaries in Egpyt
Explains the presence of inlaid daggers and Nilotic scenes

Title: Tarzan Fresco

Time: 1450-1400 BC, LH IIIB

Artist: Mycenean

Place: Palace of Nestor, Pylos

Style:

- The civilzied fighitngh the uncivilized

- realistic painting

Significance:

- Egyptian art would never show anyone getting killed b/c their purspose was to show superiority and prevent more attacks

- Here we see selves getting killed in the hands of the enemy, a realistic painting

- The only 2 that are left standing is one of the enemy and one of them

- The only way u know the enemy has lost is that they have 5 dead and 4 of Mycenean are are dead

- Have no influence from earlier Minoans

- distinctly Mycenaean
- Shows the civilized warriors vs primal native
- Depicted Myceneans dying

-Most cultures did not show their own dying.

- This likely references the subjugation of the Greeks by Dorians from the North

History:

- shows how they didn't value picturisque, idealized history

Title: Palace at Pylos (Throne Room)

Time: 1450- 1400 BC, LH IIIB

Artist: Mycenean

Place: Palace of Nestor, Pylos

Style:

- entrance with one column made of wood

- 2 story palace

- no central courtyard

- individually made tiles, here, made to look like the sea

- had a special high finish polish on it

- Many frescoes richly decorate the through room
- Central area is surrounded by columns and has an open roof
- These frescoes draw on Minoan ideals, with many colors and scenes of mythological animals

Significance:

- fits well into ancinet context of the Odyysey

- no wall protecting probably b/c procted by Mycenea

History:

- they really loved the sea

- best preserved large frescoes in the coridor here

Title:Warrior Vase

Time: 1450-1400BCE, LH IIIB (need a date everything says something different)

Artist: Mycenean

Place: the closest building to Cirlce A (so Mycenae)

Style:

- dark on light

- bull's head handles

Significance:

- used for mixing oil and water

- depicting their own history; the spears depicted probably did not look like this  )-( but this is all that survived from the ancients (this part was reinforced with leather).

- used to be full body armor

- Shows a procession on soldiers and women bidding them farewell

- a unique example of narrative decoration
- Used for mixing water and wine
- Breaks away from standardized geometric shapes
- Followed immediately by the Granary Style and Close Style

History:

- early depiction of them presenting their history

Title: Heroon & Cemetary

Time: "Dark Ages" time of no written history (900BCE)

Artist:

Place:Heroon @ Lefkanti (Euobea, near Athens)

Style:

 - walls made of stone and mudbrick

- interrior plastered smooth

- tatched roof

- 5 interior rooms

- apisidal: long and narrow

Significance:

- site where heroes visit

- became a sacred burial ground

- once lead ships?

- Here find earliest representations of a centaur (clay)

- Buried horses show the importance of the animal to the Greeks
- Site of worship for a semi-divine person
- Gold found within the graves suggest wealthy people were buried there

History:

Title: Centaur

Time: 950-930 BCE

Artist:

Place: lefkandi, euobia

Style: Geometric?

- Terracotta (clay)

Significance:

- The deliberately painted nick on his right leg is associated with the wound that Herakles infilcted on the Centaur Chiron with an arrow. 

- His right hand has six fingers.

- found in Eritrea shows trade

- Presence in graves suggest it was highly craved
- Brings in mythological creature to combine aspects of man and animal
- Points to a widespread use of horses

History:

- oldest representation of a centaur

- probably burried w/

Title: Centaur

Time: 950-930 BCE

Artist:

Place: lefkandi

Style: Geometric?

- Terracotta (clay)

Significance:

- The deliberately painted nick on his right leg is associated with the wound that Herakles infilcted on the Centaur Chiron with an arrow. 

- His right hand has six fingers.

- found in Eritrea shows trade

- centaur

History:

- oldest rep of a centaur

- probably burried w/

Title: Protogeomtric (Kerameikos) Pots

Time:1000-900BCE

Artist:

Place:

Style:

- Geomtric (first) being protogeometric

Significance:

- first geometric pottery

- demonstrates the begining of a rebirth in pottery

- Shapes of pots derive from Mycenaean pots
- Move away from freehand molding and decoration
- Pots were being made on a wheel, resulting in a crisper shape
- Decoration was limited to concentric circles or semi-circles, triangles, and symmetrical zigzags

History:

Title: The First Temple of Hera

Time: 8th century BCE

Artist:

Place: Samos

Style:

- (here is the deff. but its ionic)doric: pillar/columns lie flat on ground, smooth capital, no moldings

- ionc has moldings, circlar squigly capital, and shaft between base and stylobate

- pronaoes has 3 columns in situ

- had a wooden roof tiels

- eaves of the roof were brightly colored teracotta

 - Wooden roof supports would have hid the religious image if it wasn't moved to the north aisle
- Very long building
- Paved the way for the second temple of Hera

Significance:

- all 50 columns of hte peristyle survived making it the best preserved archaic doric temples in the world

- similar to the oldest temple known which are greek in Crete (however this is in italy) thus dating this back in those times and symbolizing migration (naos dividided into two by columns demonstrates this)

History:

Title: Tripod Cauldron

Time:8th century BCE

Artist:

Place: Olympia

Style:

- bronze

Significance:

- in places where there was kings

 - offering in greek sanctuary

- one was 26 ft tall

- used as prizes at Olympis

- couldron was hammered but  handles were cast

History:

- used for cooking (put fire under), would put a wooden rod through then eat from this

- got very large, for great feasts

- one found exported to France (Burgundy) showing trade

Title: Geometric Amphora

Time: 750BCE

Artist:

Place: Dipylon Cemetary, (Athens)

Style: Geometric

- Motifs emerge (prominent motifs in oral traditions and literature)

- Human figure

- Horses

- Birds

Significance:

- One of the largest ever made and decorated

- Shows confidence in art that eventually becomes classical: confident in pefectin of style

- Decorative friezes of geometric designs cover the piece

- Depicts a scene of prosthesis

- laying out a body on funeral pyre
- Visual counterpart to Homeric narrative

-Two joined warriors reference the Moliones, Siamese twins Homer and Hesiod speak of

History:

Title: Temple of Apollo

Time: 625BCE

Artist:

Place: Thermon

Style:

- Middle row of columns is removed in 3rd century BCE, creating a new type of peristyle that was used from them on (seems imposing)
- Architrave depicted mythological scenes

- Long narrow temple form but was very drafty

- painted panels shows mythological scenes

- once wood then replaced

Significance:
- Back porch called opisthodomos allowed direct access to exterior

History:

Title: Temple of Hera

Time: 650BC

Artist:

Place: Samos

Style:

- Single elongated space with no front or back porch
- questionable existance of Peristyle
- Interior columns butted directly against the walls so the statue was instantly visible
- Nearby stoa was used to protect pilgrims from elements. Stoa would become an important archetype in Greek architecture.

- uknown roofing arangmenet

- sacrifces made at opposite alter

Significance:

- new architecture (stoa hat beame significant)

History:

Title: Krater from Thebes

Time:730BC

Artist:

Place:Thebes

Style:Late Geometric

Significance:

 - boat is two side by side rowers (bad perscpective)

- one of few represenations of boats although relied heavily on it (demonstrates they kept this sutff orally)

History:

Title:Map of Southern Italy

Time:750 BCE

Artist:

Place:Southern Italy; Sicily

Style:

Significance:

-Greeks begin to colonize Italy (shows migration)
- First was Ischia, then Cumae, Sicily, and Syracruse
- Evidence of early iron working
- Maintained trade with Egyptians and Middle East

History:

- Before went to Italy went to Ithica b/c they maintained the traidton of seafaring and could tell them what italy was like and how to get there (ancinet oral traditions)