Term
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Definition
| the 'primary process' - human motivation to seek pleasure and avoid pain |
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Definition
| the 'secondary process' - guided by the ego, delays gratification. |
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Definition
| memories that serve as important representations of important childhood memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alderian term meaning the quest for feelings of superiority. |
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Term
| Ruling-dominant (choleric) type |
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Definition
| high in activity but low in social contributions, dominant |
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Term
| Getting-leaning type (phlegmatic) |
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Definition
| Low in activity and high in social contribution; dependent |
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Term
| Avoiding type (mealncholic) |
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Definition
| low in activity and low in social contribution; withdrawn |
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Term
| socially useful type (sanguine) |
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Definition
| High in activity and high in social contribution; healthy |
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Term
| Radical behaviorism versus Neobehavioralism |
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Definition
| radical is Skinner and is related to consequences. Neo is Pavlov and is concerned with counter conditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic desensitization |
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Term
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Definition
| employs negative reinforcement in order to increase anxiety. |
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Definition
| Cognitive theory - thoughts determined feelings and behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| drawing a conclusion without solid evidence |
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Term
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Definition
| mistaking isolating incidetns for the norm. |
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Term
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Definition
| making too much or too little of something |
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Term
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Definition
| inappropriately taking respsonsibility |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| negative views about self, the world, and the future. |
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Term
| The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) |
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Definition
| measures views about self, the world and the future and is used to gauge the severity of diagnosed depression. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intertwining thoughts and feelings produce behavior. highly directive, leads client to dispute irrational beleifs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fritz Pers, Max Wertheimer and Hurt Koffka. exploration of awareness, focus on the present, insight. Not suitable for disturbed clients. |
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Term
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Definition
| Existential Theory - meaningfulness |
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Term
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Definition
| dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine. All of these in a class called momoamines. |
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Term
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Definition
| first drugs used for psychopathology,positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Inhibit dopamine production (chlorpromazine and haloperidol. |
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Term
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Definition
| for bipolar disorder. They inhibit monoamines such as norepinephrine and serotonin, based on theory that mania results from excessive monoamines. (lithium) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Tryciclic antidepressents |
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Definition
| Have a tricyclic chemical structure |
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Term
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Definition
| used to reduce anxity and to induce sleep (Valium) |
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Term
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Definition
| changes metabolism of alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| factor analysis to Jung's theories. Determined two dimensions: Extraverted-introverted and emotional stability-neuroticism. Then he added psychoticism. Critisized the effectiveness of psychoanalysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| trait theorist who proposed three baisc types of traits : cardinal, central and secondary. Not everyone has cardinal traits. conscious motives governed by the proprium or propriate function (ego)Allport identified 5000 traits |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior may become an end or a gaols in and of itslef, regardless of itsi original reason for existence. (hunter example) |
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Term
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Definition
| individual case studies. Allport's preference to studying personality |
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Term
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Definition
| looks at groups of individuals and tries to find commonalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| the need for acheivement nAch. These people tend to avoid high risks and low risk, and they set realistic goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| personality and perception of the world. Classified people according to their degree of field-dependence. Field-independence: the capacity to make specific responses to perceived specific stimuli. Field-dependence: more diffuse response to a perceived mass of somewhat undifferentiated stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| internal and external locus of control. |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulative and deceitful. Tend to agree with statements like: "most people don't really know what's best for them", the best way to deal with people is to tell them what they want to hear" and "anyone who completely trusts anyone else is asking for trouble". successful manipulators. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sandra Bem's theory thatpeople can acheive high scores on both masculinity and femininity. |
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Term
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Definition
| critisism of trait theory. human behavior is largely determined by the situation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of examining head and skull shape |
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Term
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Definition
| somatotypes (body types) edomorph being short, plump and pleasure-seeking, mesomorph being muscular, energetic and aggressive and ectomorph being skinny, inhibited and intellectual. |
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Term
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Definition
| superfactors O-Openness to experience, C-conscientiousness, E- extroversion, A-agreeableness, and N-neuroticsim. |
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Term
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Definition
| the possibility for a person to behave inconsistently. |
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Term
| cognitive prototype appraoch |
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Definition
| consisency in behavior is not due to internal factors but to cognitive processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| found that womens successes at 'male' tasks are often attributed to luck and men's successes are sttributed to skill. women have lower self-esteem than men. |
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Term
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Definition
| studied androgyny - Bem Sex Role Inventory. |
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Term
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Definition
| females shunned masculine-type successes not because of fear of failure but fear of success. |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship betwee gender and social status. |
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Term
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Definition
| proved experimentally that abnormal behavior can be learned. |
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Term
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Definition
| structuralism - technique : introspection. |
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Term
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Definition
| IQ of 70 or lower. Mild = 55-70 Moderate = 40-55 Severe = 25-40 or profound < 25 |
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Term
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Definition
| at least 2 standard deviations below the mean for appropriate age and IQ. |
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Term
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Definition
| like Tourettes - motor and vocal tics |
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Term
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Definition
| disturbed consciousness and cognition. |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive problems with memory, spatial tasks or language that result from a medical condition such as Alzheimers, Parkingson's or Pick's Disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetically inherited progressive degeneration of thought, emotion and movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the frontal and temporal lobes characterized by changes in personality. |
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Term
| positive symptoms of Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| delusions, perceptual hallucinations, disorganized speech, neologisms (made up words) and disorganized behavior (inappropriate dress, agitation, shouting) |
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Term
| Negative symptoms of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| flat affect, restrictions in thought, speech, or behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| late adolescence and the mid 30s |
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Term
| Process versus reactive schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Process develops gradually, whereas reactive develops suddenly in response to a particular event. Process has a lower rate of recovery as do individuals who have a history of antisocial behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| physiological predisposition paired with an external stressor. Diathesis-stress model. It is linked to an excess of dopamine in the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| renamed dementia praecox, schizophrenia. |
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Term
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Definition
| paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual. |
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Term
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Definition
| delusions and auditory hallucinations |
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Term
| Disorganized Schizophrenia |
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Definition
| hebephrenich schizophrenia. disorganized speech and flat affect. |
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Term
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Definition
| catalepsy (motor immobility), excessive motor activity, prominent posturing (gestures, manerisms, or grimacing) echolalia, echopraxia (imitating the gestures of others. |
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Term
| Undifferentiated schizophrenia |
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Definition
| a grab bag of symptoms not fitting into any particular category. |
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Term
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Definition
| watered down schizophrenia with few positive symptoms, if any. |
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Term
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Definition
| schizophrenic symptoms accompanying a depressive episode |
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Term
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Definition
| erotomanic (that another person is in love with the person), grandiose (that one has a special telent or status) jealosy, persecutory, somatic (bodily, such as beleiving that a part of one's body is ugly or misshapen) |
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Term
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Definition
| when two people have the saem shared delusions |
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Term
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Definition
| symptoms of major depression are present more days than not for two years. |
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Term
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Definition
| fear of a situation in which a panic attack could arise - avoidanc eof being away from home or in crowds. |
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Term
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Definition
| these are manifested by physical or bodily symtoms and include conversion disorder and hypochondriasis |
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Term
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Definition
| formerly known as hysteria (Freud). psychological problems are converted into bodily symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| pshysical complaits through fabrication in order to assume the sick role (ingesting toxins, self-infliction) |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as psychogenic disorders. Amnesia( retrograde, anterograde) fugue (fleeing to a new place and forgetting identity), dicossiative identity disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal behaviors during sleep |
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Term
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Definition
| irresistable impulse to pull out one's own body hair |
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Term
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Definition
| Personality disorder - detachment, small range of emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| personality disorder - eccentricity, distorted reality |
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Term
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Definition
| too much dopamine linked to schizophrenia, amphetamines increased dopamine activity which can mimic schizophrenic -like paranoid sysmptoms.neuroleptic drugs (antipsychotic) reduce dopamine receptors, thereby reducing schizophrenic symptoms. Parkinson's is caused by a lack of dopamine and neuroleptics can actually cause parkinsons. |
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Term
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Definition
| can occur as a result of long term use of neuroleptics and psychotropics. Involuntary, repetitive, movements of jaw, tongue and extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| mental retardation caused by iodine definciency. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by heavy drinking. Vitamin B deficiency. loss of memory - sufferers often fiull in the gaps with 'confabulations'. |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by heavy drinking and by thiamine deficiency. memory problems and eye dysfunctions. |
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Term
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Definition
| results from the lack of the enzyme needed to digest phenylalanine (found in milk) degenrative disease of the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| males having extra x chromosome - have mental retardation and are sterile. |
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Term
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Definition
| only one x - failure to develop secondary sex characteristics. short fingers and unusually shaped mouths. |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic deficiency of hexosaminidase A. sufferers can have psychological symptoms that mimis schizophrenia or dementia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| viewed the scizophrenic world as artistic and misunderstood. he felt that schizophrenics should not be treated. |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed people tend to be more realistic |
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Term
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Definition
| coined the term 'schizophrenic mother' |
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Term
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Definition
| stuided the effect of diagnostic labels on the perception of behavior. In an experiment normal pseudopatients admitted to the hospital . Acted normally once inside but their behaviors were nontheless constuyred as fitting the diagnosis. |
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Term
| Elenor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin |
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Definition
| relatively few differences between the sexes existed that could not be explained by social learning. The only one that seems independent of social learning is that girls tend to have better verbal ability and males have greater visual/spatial ability. |
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Term
| Meyer Freidman and Ray Rosenman |
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Definition
| studied type A personality (drive, competitiveness, aggressiveness, and tension ) |
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Term
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Definition
| linked type A personality to heart disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| used factor analyis to identify traits in the intorversion-extroversion, stable-unstable dimensions. |
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Term
| Multiplicative observation |
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Definition
| the method of discerning personality from a variety of observations and situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| highly domineering or highly submissive. Measured by the F-scale (Fascism scale) |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to agree with and accept personality interpretations that are provided (horoscopes) |
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Term
| External locus of control |
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Definition
| views events as the result of luck or fate. too much of this creates helplessness. |
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Term
| Internal locus of control |
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Definition
| views events as outcomes of own actions (too much breeds self-blame). |
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Term
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Definition
| internal and external locus of control |
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Term
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Definition
| about 50 percent of people view themselves accurately and about 35 percent view themselves narcissistically. |
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Term
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Definition
| personality changes very little after 30. |
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