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GRE Psych
terms and definitions
24
Psychology
Undergraduate 4
08/27/2011

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Term

morphemes

 

Definition
made up of phonemes; the smallest units of meaning in language. words or parts of words that have meaning are morphemes. ex. "boy" and "-ing"
Term
syntax
Definition
the arrangement of words into sentences as prescribed be a particular language
Term
prosody
Definition
tone inflections, accents, and other espects of pronunciation that carry meaning. the icing on the cake of grammar and meaning
Term
surface structure (grammar)
Definition
the way that words are organized
Term
deep structure (grammar)
Definition
underlying meaning of sentences
Term
overregularization
Definition
the overapplication of grammar rules
Term
holophrastic speech
Definition
when a young child uses one word to convey a whole sentence
Term
Benjamin Whorf
Definition
said how a culture says something influences that culture's perspective
Term
Roger Brown
Definition
found that children's understanding of grammatical rules develops as they make hypotheses about how syntax works and then self-correct with experience
Term
Katherine Nelson
Definition
found that language really begins to develop with the onset of active speech rather than during the first year of only listening
Term
William Labov
Definition
studied Ebonics
Term
Lev Vygotsky
Definition
studied the development of word meanings
Term
George Miller
Definition
found that short-term memory has the capacity of about seven items
Term
encoding specificity principle
Definition
material is more likely to be remembered if it is retrieved in the same context in which it was stored
Term
episodic memory
Definition
consists of details, events, and discrete knowledge
Term
semantic memory
Definition
general knowledge of the world
Term
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Definition
first to study memory systematically; proposed a forgetting curve that shows a sharp drop in savings imediately after learning and then levels off
Term
Frederick Bartlett
Definition
memory is reconstructive rather than rote
Term
Allan Paivio
Definition
suggested the dual code hypothesis; items will be better remembered if they are encoded both visually and semantically
Term
Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart
Definition
learning and recall depend on the depth of processing; different levels of processing exist from the superficial to the deep; the deeper an item is processed, the easier it is recalled
Term
paired-associate learning
Definition
one item is learned with, and then cues the recall of, another
Term
Elizabeth Loftus
Definition
found memory of traumatic events is altered by the event itself and the way that questions about the event are phrased
Term
Karl Lashley
Definition
found that memories are stored diffusely in the brain
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