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GRE-Prep
Kaplan material IV
60
English
Graduate
10/25/2008

Additional English Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
morose
Definition

griesgrämig, mürrisch, missmutig, verdrießlich

 

adjective
Louis sat alone, looking morose: sullen, sulky, gloomy, bad-tempered, ill-tempered, dour, surly, sour, glum, moody, ill-humored, melancholy, melancholic, brooding, broody, doleful, miserable, depressed, dejected, despondent, downcast, unhappy, low, down, grumpy, irritable, churlish, cantankerous, crotchety, cross, crabby, cranky, grouchy, testy, snappish, peevish, crusty; informal: blue, down in the dumps, down in/at the mouth. antonym: cheerful.

Term
restive
Definition

bockig, nervös, unruhig, widerspenstig

 

adjective
1 Edward is getting restive: uneasy, ill at ease, restless, fidgety, edgy, on edge, tense, worked up, nervous, agitated, anxious, on tenterhooks, keyed up; informal: jumpy, jittery, twitchy, uptight, antsy.
2 the militants are increasingly restive: unruly, disorderly, uncontrollable, unmanageable, willful, recalcitrant, insubordinate; formal: refractory; archaic: contumacious.

Term
willful
Definition
adjective
1 willful destruction: deliberate, intentional, done on purpose, premeditated, planned, conscious. antonym: accidental, unintentional.

2 a willful child: headstrong, strong-willed, obstinate, stubborn, pigheaded, recalcitrant, uncooperative, obstreperous, ungovernable, unmanageable; balky; formal: refractory, contumacious. antonym: biddable, amenable.

 

recalcitrant
adjective
Amy was unprepared to deal with three recalcitrant stepchildren: uncooperative, intractable, obstreperous, truculent, insubordinate, defiant, rebellious, willful, wayward, headstrong, self-willed, contrary, perverse, difficult; formal: refractory; archaic: froward, contumacious. antonym: amenable.

 

amenable
adjective
1 an amenable child: cooperative, acquiescent, compliant, accommodating, obliging, biddable, manageable, controllable, governable, persuadable, tractable, responsive, pliant, malleable, complaisant, easily handled; rare: persuasible. antonym: uncooperative.
2 many cancers are amenable to treatment: susceptible, receptive, responsive; archaic: susceptive. antonym: unresponsive, resistant.

Term
obstreperous
Definition

aufmüpfig, aufsässig

 

adjective

the hotel manager was accustomed to dealing with obstreperous guests: unruly, unmanageable, disorderly, undisciplined, uncontrollable, rowdy, disruptive, truculent, difficult, refractory, rebellious, mutinous, riotous, out of control, wild, turbulent, uproarious, boisterous; noisy, loud, clamorous, raucous, vociferous; informal: rambunctious.
antonym: quiet, restrained.
Term
effulgent
Definition

strahlend

 

adjective poetic/literary:
shining brightly; radiant.
• (of a person or their expression) emanating joy or goodness.

Term
encumber
Definition

behindern, beladen, sich etwas aufbürden, versperren

 

verb
1 her movements were encumbered by her heavy skirts: hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, cramp, inhibit, restrict, limit, constrain, restrain, bog down, retard, slow (down); inconvenience, disadvantage, handicap. See note at hinder .
2 they are encumbered with debt: burden, load, weigh down, saddle; overwhelm, tax, stress, strain, overload, overburden.

 

hinder
verb
budget cuts have hindered our progress: hamper, obstruct, impede, inhibit, retard, balk, prevent, thwart, foil, curb, delay, arrest, interfere with, set back, slow down, hobble, hold back, hold up, stop, halt; restrict, restrain, constrain, block, check, curtail, frustrate, cramp, handicap, cripple, hamstring; informal stymie, throw a wrench in the works. antonym: facilitate.

Term
obliterate
Definition

auslöschen, ausmerzen, ausradieren, tilgen; verstecken

 

verb
1 I briefly contemplated trying to obliterate the logo with nail polish remover: erase, eradicate, expunge, efface, wipe out, blot out, rub out, block out, remove all traces of.
2 I want to see the super-turtle obliterate an entire Japanese district in under a minute: destroy, wipe out, annihilate, demolish, eliminate, decimate, liquidate, wipe off the face of the earth, wipe off the map; informal zap, nuke. antonym: create.
3 she slapped her puff over her face, trying to obliterate it with powder: obscure, hide, conceal, blot out, block (out), cover, screen.

Term
blanch
Definition

abbrühen, bleichen, erbleichen

 

verb
1 the moonlight blanches her hair: turn pale, whiten, lighten, wash out, fade. antonym: darken.
2 his face blanched: pale, turn pale, turn white, whiten, lose its color, lighten, fade. antonym: color, darken.
3 blanch the spinach leaves: scald, boil briefly.

Term
dilate
Definition

dehnen, erweitern, sich weiten

 

verb
1 her nostrils dilated: enlarge, widen, expand, distend. antonym: contract.
2 Diane dilated on the joys of her married life: expatiate, expound, enlarge, elaborate, speak/write at length. antonym: contract.

 

contract
noun
a legally binding contract: agreement, commitment, arrangement, settlement, understanding, compact, covenant, bond; deal, bargain; Law: indenture.

 

verb
1 the market for such goods began to contract: shrink, get smaller, decrease, diminish, reduce, dwindle, decline. antonym: expand, increase.
2 her stomach muscles contracted: tighten, tense, flex, constrict, draw in, narrow. antonym: relax.
3 she contracted her brow: wrinkle, knit, crease, purse, pucker.
4 his name was soon contracted to “Rob”: shorten, abbreviate, cut, reduce; elide. antonym: expand, lengthen.
5 the company contracted to rebuild the stadium: undertake, pledge, promise, covenant, commit oneself, engage, agree, enter an agreement, make a deal.
6 she contracted rubella: develop, catch, get, pick up, come down with, be struck down by, be stricken with, succumb to.
7 he contracted a debt of $3,300: incur, run up.

Term
ordain
Definition

bestimmen, festsetzen, ordinieren, zum Priester weihen

 

verb
1 the Church voted to ordain women: confer holy orders on, appoint, anoint, consecrate, hallow, bless, install, invest, induct.
2 the path ordained by fate: predetermine, predestine, preordain, destine, determine, prescribe, designate, will.
3 she ordained that anyone found hunting in the forest must pay a fine: decree, rule, order, command, enjoin, lay/set down, establish, dictate, legislate, prescribe, pronounce.

 

induct
verb
1 the new ministers were inducted into the cabinet: admit to, allow into, introduce to, initiate into, install in, instate in, swear into; appoint to.
2 he inducted me into the skills of magic: introduce to, acquaint with, familiarize with, make conversant with; ground in, instruct in, teach in, educate in, school in.

Term
malediction
Definition

Fluch, Verbrechen, Verwünschung

 

noun
the maledictions of the evil Dr. Krepling: curse, damnation, oath; spell, hex, jinx; formal: imprecation; literary: anathema; archaic: execration. antonym: blessing.

Term
compound
Definition

vermischen, erledigen, verschlimmern, verstärken, aufzinsen

Assoziation, Bindung, Gemisch, Masse, Präparat, Zusammensetzung

 

noun
1 a compound of two elements: amalgam, amalgamation, combination, composite, blend, mixture, mix, fusion, synthesis; alloy.
2 they were contained in the compound: enclosure, pound, coop; estate, cloister.

 

adjective
a compound substance: composite, complex; blended, fused, combined. antonym: simple.

 

verb
1 soap compounded with disinfectant: mix, combine, blend, amalgamate, fuse, synthesize.
2 his illness compounds their problems: aggravate, exacerbate, worsen, add to, augment, intensify, heighten, increase, magnify; complicate. antonym: alleviate.

Term
check
Definition

(über)prüfen, kontrollieren, testen, untersuchen; absperren, anhalten, eindämmen, hemmen

 

verb
1 troops checked all vehicles | I checked her background: examine, inspect, look at/over, scrutinize, survey; study, investigate, research, probe, look into, inquire into; informal check out, give something a once-over.
2 he checked that the gun was cocked: make sure, confirm, verify.
3 two defeats checked their progress: halt, stop, arrest, cut short; bar, obstruct, hamper, impede, inhibit, frustrate, foil, thwart, curb, block, stall, hold up, retard, delay, slow down; literary: stay.
4 her tears could not be checked: suppress, repress, restrain, control, curb, rein in, stifle, hold back, choke back; informal: keep a lid on.

Term
stultify
Definition

blamieren, zum Narren halten; verblöden, den Geist lähmen

 

verb
1 social welfare was stultified by international trade regulations: hamper, impede, thwart, frustrate, foil, suppress, smother.
2 he stultifies her with too much gentleness: bore, make bored, dull, numb, benumb, stupefy.

Term
rancor
Definition

Groll, Hass, Verbitterung

 

noun
partisans on both sides have created much rancor: bitterness, spite, hate, hatred, resentment, malice, ill will, malevolence, animosity, antipathy, enmity, hostility, acrimony, venom, vitriol.

Term
extraneous
Definition

belanglos, ohne Belang, irrelevant; fremd, von außen

 

adjective
1 extraneous considerations: irrelevant, immaterial, beside the point, unrelated, unconnected, inapposite, inapplicable, superfluous.
2 extraneous noise: external, outside, exterior.

Term
heterodox
Definition
adjective
their heterodox sister was home from college, spouting her liberal views: unorthodox, nonconformist, dissenting, dissident, rebellious, renegade; heretical, impious, profane, irreverent, blasphemous, sacrilegious, pagan, heathen, nullifidian, infidel, idolater, idolatress, philistine, wicked, sinful, recusant, apostate, skeptical; freethinking, unconventional. antonym: orthodox.
Term
deflate
Definition

Luft ablassen/herauslassen, enleeren, dämpfen

 

verb
1 he deflated the tires: let down, flatten, void; puncture. antonym: inflate.
2 the balloon deflated go down, collapse, shrink, contract. antonym: inflate, expand.
3 the news had deflated him: subdue, humble, cow, chasten; dispirit, dismay, discourage, dishearten; squash, crush, bring down, take the wind out of someone's sails, knock the stuffing out of. antonym: aggrandize.
4 the budget deflated the economy: reduce, slow down, diminish; devalue, depreciate, depress. antonym: inflate.

Term
timorous
Definition

ängstlich, furchtsam

 

adjective
I was too timid to ask for what I wanted apprehensive, fearful, easily frightened, afraid, faint-hearted, timid, nervous, scared, frightened, cowardly, pusillanimous, spineless; shy, diffident, self-effacing, craven, shrinking; informal: wimpish, wimpy, yellow, chicken, mousy, gutless, sissy, lily-livered, candy-assed, weak-kneed. antonym: bold, brave.

Term
ostracize
Definition

verfemen, verbannen, ächten, ausschließen

 

verb
they were ostracized by their fellow workers: exclude, shun, evade, eschew, rebuff, spurn, cold-shoulder, reject, shut out, avoid, ignore, snub, cut dead, keep at arm's length, leave out in the cold; blackball, blacklist; informal: freeze out. antonym: welcome.

Term
gravity
Definition

(Erd)Anziehungskraft; Ernst, Schwere

 

noun
1 the gravity of the situation: seriousness, importance, significance, weight, consequence, magnitude; acuteness, urgency, exigence; awfulness, dreadfulness; formal: moment.
2 the gravity of his demeanor: solemnity, seriousness, somberness, sobriety, soberness, severity, grimness, humorlessness, dourness, glumness; gloominess.

Term
industrious
Definition

arbeitsam, betriebsam, fleißig

 

adjective
the industrious immigrants who founded our town in 1826: hard-working, diligent, assiduous, conscientious, punctilious, steady, painstaking, sedulous, persevering, unflagging, untiring, tireless, indefatigable, studious; busy, as busy as a bee, active, bustling, energetic, on the go, vigorous, determined, dynamic, zealous, productive; with one's shoulder to the wheel, with one's nose to the grindstone.

antonym: indolent, lazy, idle, slothful, loafing, do-nothing, sluggardly, shiftless, lackadaisical, languid, inactive, inert, sluggish, lethargic, torpid; slack, good-for-nothing, feckless.

Term
scrupulous
Definition
adjective
1 scrupulous attention to detail: careful, meticulous, painstaking, thorough, assiduous, sedulous, attentive, conscientious, punctilious, searching, close, minute, rigorous, particular, strict. antonym: careless.
2 a scrupulous man: honest, honorable, upright, upstanding, high-minded, right-minded, moral, ethical, good, virtuous, principled, incorruptible. antonym: dishonest.
Term
serene
Definition

gelassen, heiter, ruhig

 

adjective
1 on the surface she seemed serene: calm, composed, tranquil, peaceful, untroubled, relaxed, at ease, unperturbed, unruffled, unworried; placid, equable, centered; informal together, unflappable.

antonym: agitated.
2 serene valleys: peaceful, tranquil, quiet, still, restful, relaxing, undisturbed. antonym: turbulent.

Term
diluvial
Definition

sintflutartig

 

adjective
of or relating to a flood or floods, esp. the biblical Flood.

Term
recidivism
Definition

Rückfälligkeit, Rückfall, Rückfallkriminalität

 

noun
a convicted criminal who reoffends, esp. repeatedly.

 

adjective
denoting such a person : recidivist male prisoners | women are rarely recidivist.

Term
jingoism
Definition

Hurra-Patriotismus

 

noun
a newspaper known for its jingoism: extreme patriotism, chauvinism, extreme nationalism, xenophobia, flag-waving; hawkishness, militarism, belligerence, bellicosity. 

 

belligerence
noun
aggressive or warlike behavior : the reaction ranged from wild enthusiasm to outright belligerence.

chauvinism

noun
they have a tendency toward small-mindedness and chauvinism: jingoism, excessive patriotism, blind patriotism, excessive nationalism, sectarianism, isolationism, flag-waving; xenophobia, racism, ethnocentrism, ethnocentricity; partisanship partiality, prejudice, bias, discrimination, bigotry; male chauvinism, antifeminism, misogyny, sexism.

 

misogyny:

noun
the hatred of women by men : she felt she was struggling against thinly disguised misogyny.

Term
arrant
Definition
adjective
what arrant nonsense!: utter, complete, total, absolute, downright, outright, thorough, out-and-out, sheer, pure, unmitigated, unqualified; blatant, flagrant.
Term
idler
Definition

Faulenzer, Müßiggänger

 

noun
Orwell immersed himself in the world of tramps and idlers: loafer, layabout, good-for-nothing, ne'er-do-well, lounger, shirker, sluggard; informal: slacker, slob, lazybones, slowpoke; literary: wastrel. antonym: workaholic.

Term
quixotic
Definition

edelmütig, idealistisch, schwärmerisch, weltfremd, ritterlich

 

adjective
many dismissed his missionary work as imprudent and quixotic: idealistic, romantic, visionary, Utopian, extravagant, starry-eyed, unrealistic, unworldly; impractical, impracticable, unworkable, impossible.

Term
dignitary
Definition

Würdenträger

 

noun
the studio is being visited a bunch of foreign dignitaries: worthy, personage, VIP, grandee, notable, pillar of society, luminary, leading light, big name; informal: heavyweight, bigwig, top brass, top dog, big gun, big shot, big cheese, big chief, supremo, big wheel, big kahuna, big enchilada, top banana.

Term
orator
Definition

Redner

 

noun
Patrick Henry, the great orator: speaker, public speaker, speech-maker, lecturer, declaimer, rhetorician, rhetor.

Term
furnish
Definition

möblieren, ausstatten, bereitstellen; beschaffen, vorlegen, versehen, zuführen

 

verb
1 the bedrooms are elegantly furnished: fit out, provide with furniture, appoint, outfit.
2 grooms furnished us with horses for our journey: supply, provide, equip, provision, issue, kit out, present, give, offer, afford, purvey, bestow; informal: fix up.

Term
slander
Definition

Beschimpfung, Rufmord, Verleumdung, Verunglimpfung, üble Nachrede

 

noun
he could sue us for slander: defamation (of character), character assassination, calumny, libel; scandalmongering, malicious gossip, disparagement, denigration, aspersions, vilification, traducement, obloquy; lie, slur, smear, false accusation; informal: mudslinging, bad-mouthing; archaic: contumely.

 

verb
they were accused of slandering the minister: defame (someone's character), blacken someone's name, tell lies about, speak ill/evil of, sully someone's reputation, libel, smear, cast aspersions on, spread scandal about, besmirch, tarnish, taint; malign, traduce, vilify, disparage, denigrate, run down, slur; informal badmouth, dis, trash; formal: derogate

Term
caper
Definition

Kapriole, Luftsprung; Gaunerei

herumhüpfen, herumtollen

 

verb
children were capering about: skip, dance, romp, frisk, gambol, cavort, prance, frolic, leap, hop, jump, rollick.

 

noun
1 she did a little caper: dance, skip, hop, leap, jump.
2 informal: I'm too old for this kind of caper stunt, monkey business, escapade, prank, trick, mischief, foolery, tomfoolery, antics, hijinks, skylarking, lark, shenanigans.

Term
cajole
Definition

beschwatzen, herumkriegen, gut zureden, zu etwas überreden, schmeicheln

 

verb
I hate it when he cajoles me to go out with his friends: persuade, wheedle, coax, talk into, prevail on, sweet-talk, butter up, soft-soap, seduce, entice, lure, beguile, maneuver, inveigle.

Term
buoy
Definition

Boje, Schwimmkörper

Auftrieb geben, Mut zusprechen

 

noun
a mooring buoy: float, marker; bellbuoy, nun buoy, sonobuoy.

 

verb
the party was buoyed by an election victory: cheer, cheer up, hearten, rally, invigorate (revitalize, energize, refresh, revive, vivify, brace, rejuvenate, enliven, liven up, perk up, wake up, animate, galvanize, fortify, stimulate, rouse, exhilarate), uplift, lift, encourage, stimulate, inspirit; informal: pep up, perk up, buck up. antonym: depress.

Term
tenet
Definition

Grundsatz, Lehre, Lehrsatz, Theorem

 

noun
the fundamental tenet of Marxism: principle, belief, doctrine, precept, creed, credo, article of faith, axiom, dogma, canon; theory, thesis, premise, conviction, idea, view, opinion, position; (tenets) ideology, code of belief, teaching(s).

Term
etiolate
Definition

auszehren, schwächen

 

etiolated
adjective
(of a plant) pale and drawn out due to a lack of light.
• having lost vigor or substance; feeble : a tone of etiolated nostalgia.

Term
pensive
Definition

gedankenvoll, nachdenklich

 

adjective
sorry to interrupt your pensive mood, but we've got to leave: thoughtful, reflective, contemplative, musing, meditative, introspective, ruminative, absorbed, preoccupied, deep/lost in thought, in a brown study, brooding; formal: cogitative.

Term
histrionic
Definition

theatralisch

 

adjective
a histrionic account of her divorce: melodramatic, immoderate, theatrical, dramatic, exaggerated, stagy, showy, affected, artificial, overacted, overdone; informal: hammy, ham, campy.

Term
tempered
Definition

gemäßigt, heftig, gestimmt

 

having a specified temper or disposition

antonym: immoderate, untempered

Term
fawn
Definition

das Beige, Rehkalb, Rehkitz

herumscharwenzeln, wedeln, katzbuckeln, hofieren

 

fawnª

 noun
1 a young deer in its first year.
2 a light yellowish-brown color.
verb [ intrans. ]
(of a deer) produce young.

 

fawnº

verb
they were fawning over the president: be obsequious to, be sycophantic to, curry favor with, flatter, play up to, crawl to, ingratiate oneself with, dance attendance on; informal: suck up to, be all over, brown-nose, toady.

verb [ intrans. ]
(of a person) give a servile display of exaggerated flattery or affection, typically in order to gain favor or advantage : congressmen fawn over the President.
• (of an animal, esp. a dog) show slavish devotion, esp. by crawling and rubbing against someone.

Term
panegyric
Definition

Lobrede, Lobspruch, Lobschrift

 

noun
the panegyric she delivered in Syd's memory brought tears to our eyes: eulogy, speech of praise, paean, accolade, tribute.

Term
thwart
Definition

in die Quere kommen, durchkreuzen, in den Weg stellen, einen Strich durch die Rechnung machen, ausbremsen, entgegenwirken, entgegenarbeiten, vereiteln

 

verb
their plans to attack the embassy were thwarted: foil, frustrate, stand in the way of, forestall, derail, dash; stop, check, block, stonewall, prevent, defeat, impede, hinder, obstruct; informal: put a crimp in, put the kibosh on, scotch, scuttle, do for, stymie. antonym: facilitate.

Term
abet
Definition

begünstigen, unterstützen, Vorschub leisten, anstiften, antreiben, aufhetzen, Beihilfe leisten

 

verb
I refused to abet the neighbors in their scheme to sabotage the construction site: assist, aid, help, lend a hand to, support, back, encourage; cooperate with, collaborate with, work with, connive with, collude with, go along with, be in collusion with, be hand in glove with, side with; second, endorse, sanction; promote, incite, champion, further, expedite. antonym: hinder.

Term
aleatory
Definition
adjective
depending on the throw of a die or on chance; random.
• relating to or denoting music or other forms of art involving elements of random choice (sometimes using statistical or computer techniques) during their composition, production, or performance.
Term
umbrage
Definition

Anstoß, Schatten

 

noun
1 offense or annoyance, resentment : she took umbrage at his remarks. antonym: gratification (Befriedigung, Belohnung, Erfüllung, Genugtuung).
2 archaic shade or shadow, esp. as cast by trees.

PHRASES
take umbrage I would take umbrage at that if I thought you were serious take offense, take exception, be aggrieved, be affronted, be annoyed, be angry, be indignant, be put out, be insulted, be hurt, be piqued, be resentful, be disgruntled, go into a huff, be miffed, have one's nose put out of joint, chafe.

Term
levity
Definition

Leichtferigkeit, Leichtsinn, Ungezwungenheit

 

noun
without some occasional levity, the working environment is no better than a sweatshop: lightheartedness, high spirits, vivacity, liveliness, cheerfulness, cheeriness, humor, gaiety, fun, jocularity, hilarity, frivolity, amusement, mirth, laughter, merriment, glee, comedy, wit, wittiness, jollity, joviality. antonym: seriousness.

Term
cowardice
Definition

Feigheit

 

noun
lack of bravery.

Term
fecundity
Definition

Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit, Fruchtbarkeit

 

fecund

adjective
producing or capable of producing an abundance of offspring or new growth; fertile : a lush and fecund garden | figurative her fecund imagination. See note at fertile .
• technical (of a woman or women) capable of becoming pregnant and giving birth.

Term
haughty
Definition

arrogant, arrogant, eingebildet, hochfahrend, hochmütig, stolz, überheblich

 

adjective
he is both haughty and disdainful: proud, arrogant, vain, conceited, snobbish, superior, self-important, pompous, supercilious, condescending, patronizing; scornful, contemptuous, disdainful; full of oneself, above oneself; informal stuck-up, snooty, hoity-toity, uppity, uppish, big-headed, high and mighty, la-di-da. antony:m humble.

Term
dissipated
Definition

verbraucht; aufgelöst, ausschweifend, vergeudend, zügellos

 

adjective
it was in college that he became a dissipated young man: dissolute, debauched, decadent, intemperate, profligate, self-indulgent, wild, depraved; licentious, promiscuous; drunken. antonym: ascetic.

Term
temerity
Definition

Frechheit, Kühnheit, Unbesonnenheit, Unerhörtheit

 

noun
I doubt they'll have the temerity to print these accusations: audacity, nerve, effrontery, impudence, impertinence, cheek, gall, presumption; daring; informal: face, front, neck, chutzpah.

Term
vitiate
Definition

beschädigen, beeinträchtigen, verderben

 

verb [ trans. ] formal
spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of : development programs have been vitiated by the rise in population.
• destroy or impair the legal validity of.

Term
rectify
Definition

richtigstellen, wieder gutmachen, verbessern

 

verb

Perry is willing to do anything to rectify the situation with his estranged grandfather: correct, right, put right, put to rights, sort out, deal with, amend, remedy, repair, fix, make good, resolve, settle; informal patch up.
Term
saturnine
Definition

düster, hämisch

 

adjective
1 a saturnine temperament: gloomy, somber, melancholy, moody, lugubrious, dour, glum, morose, unsmiling, humorless. antonym: cheerful.
2 his saturnine good looks: swarthy, dark, dark-skinned, dark-complexioned; mysterious, mercurial, moody, brooding.

Term
ebullient
Definition

überschwänglich, überschäumend, übersprudelnd

 

adjective
in an ebullient mood: exuberant, buoyant, cheerful, joyful, cheery, merry, jolly, sunny, jaunty, lighthearted, elated; animated, sparkling, vivacious, irrepressible; informal: bubbly, bouncy, peppy, upbeat, chirpy, smiley, full of beans; dated: gay. antonym: depressed.

Term
vituperative
Definition

scharfzüngig, schmähend

 

adjective
bitter and abusive : the criticism soon turned into a vituperative attack.

Term
incapacitate
Definition

unfähig machen, hindern, außer Gefecht setzen

incapacitated: arbeitsunfähig

 

verb [ trans. ]
prevent from functioning in a normal way : he was incapacitated by a heart attack.
• Law deprive (someone) of their legal capacity.

 

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