Term
|
Definition
| carry blood away from the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transported through cardiovascular system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood vessels which allow exchange of gases, nutrients, hormones. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents blood from flowing back into veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cell that carries oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cells that defends body against disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the muscle which aids in respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layer of insulation on axon which causes nerve impulses to move faster |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsible for learning, perception, and intellectual functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond to physical stimuli in the hands, face, and neck |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond to changes in temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all individuals in a species that live in a specific geographical area and can interbreed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individuals that have physical or behaviorial traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and will reproduce more successfully than those that do not have such traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inheirited trait that has become common in population because the trait provides a specific advantage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface of the earth changed slowly over many years |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human populations increase faster than the food supply can |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gradual change over a long period of time leads to species formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| periods of rapid change in species are separated by periods of little or no change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures of little use to organism, evidence of their evolutionary past |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| structures that share a common ancestry |
|
|
Term
| factors in natural selection |
|
Definition
| 1. genetic variation. 2. environmental challenges. 3. more offspring produced than environment can support. 4. better suited individuals produce more offspring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accumilation of of differences between groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which new species form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of naming and classifying organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linneaus' two word system for naming organisms. tells genus/description |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| similarities evolve in organisms not closely related to one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared characteristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| varying degrees of importance to characters, showed in branching tree |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| animals, fungi, plants, protists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a group of cells perminately associated but that do not communicate with each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a temporary collection of cells that come together for a period of time and then separate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an organism composed of many cells that are perminately associated with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which cells develop a specialized form and function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virus protein coat, contains RNA or DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins with attached carbohydrate molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the cycle of viral infection, replication, and self destruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral genome replicates without destroying the host cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attaches, enters into microphages, replicates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the destruction of the body's T-cells which blocks the body's immune response |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a round shaped bacteria cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spiral-shaped bacteria cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms around chromosomes and cytoplasm when exposed to harsh conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissue that lines body surfaces, protects other tissues from damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carry info throughout the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| support, protect, and insulate the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enables movement of body structures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involuntary, no striations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the body's maintainance of a stable internal temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skull, spine, ribs, sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arms, legs, pelvis, shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft tissue which fills cavities in spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marrow which produces blood cells and platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marrow consisting of fat, which stores energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough exterior membrane that surrounds bone, and supplies nutrients to bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone loss, become brittle and fracture easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strong bands of connective tissue that holds together the bones of a joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| strips of dense connective tissue which attaches muscles to bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes joint to straighten |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein filaments which enable muscles to contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein which makes skin tough and waterproof |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the pigment which determines skin color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| functional layer of skin, makes skin tough and elastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beneath dermis, absorbs shock, conserves heat, and stores energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries blood back to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a small cluster of cardiac muscle cells which initiates the contraction of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure exerted when heart contracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure exerted when heart relaxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nose/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alevoli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| passageway for air and food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where exchange of gas occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance required by the body for energy, growth, repair, and maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the long tube connecting the mouth to the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| waves of muscle contractions in the esophagus, which move food towards the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basic functional unit in the kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve cells which transmit info throughout the body |
|
|
Term
| peripheral nervous system |
|
Definition
| contains sensory and motor neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extension of the cytoplasm that conducts nerve impulses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sends info from sense organs to central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference in electrical charge across the cell membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| potential of a neuron at rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| signal molecules produced by neurons stored in vesicles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sends commands from central nervous system to muscles and organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates balance, posture, and movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| processes sensory information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| regulates homeostatic functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles in response to stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptor which responds to light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receptors responding to chemical stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lining on back surface of the eye |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond to bright light and color |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fluid filled chamber in the inner-ear which contains mechanoreceptors and hair cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hammer, anvil, and stirrup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| respond to changes in head position in respect to gravity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drugs that alter functions of the central nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. regulates growth, development, behavior, and reproduction. 2. coordinates the production, use, and storage of energy. 3. maintains homeostasis. 4. respond to stimuli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete hormones into bloodstream or extracellular fluid |
|
|
Term
| neuropeptides/prostaglandins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tough exterior membrane that surrounds bone and contains blood vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone which provides the greatest strength for support |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone cells that become embedded within concentric layers of bone tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeating units of myosin and actin filaments bound by 2 Z-lines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perform the same function in organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tissues organized into a specialized structure with a specific function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterotrophs, have cell wall of chitin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| live in extreme environments with no oxygen or high temperatures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell wall composed of pepitidoglycan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multicellular, cell wall made of cellulose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| iron-containing molecule in red blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| covers air passage of pharynx when swallowing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs when diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breaks down globules of fat into tiny droplets. produced in liver, stored in gallbladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| break down fat molecules into fatty acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maintain homeostasis by removing urea, water, and wastes from the blood |
|
|
