Term
| Grazing is a compromise between... |
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Definition
| forage and animal production. |
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Term
| effect of Too many animals grazing a limited area |
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Definition
| low production per animal and possibly per acre |
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Term
| effect of Too few animals grazing a limited area |
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Definition
| high production per animal, but low per acre |
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Term
| what to aim for when grazing a forage |
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Definition
| Get the best animal performance you can get without compromising the growth of the plant |
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Term
| You want grazing to be a balance between... |
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Definition
| production per animal and production per acre |
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Term
| the 2 variables with forage management |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what happens to the plant roots if you don't give the plants enough rest? |
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Definition
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Term
| some ways to determine carrying capacity |
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Definition
-Determining animal performance and finding the optimum level of stocking
-Determining the optimum level of forage utilization
-Determining the seasonality and distribution of forage yield (rising plate meters, forage mixes) |
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Term
| the Optimum grazing pressure/ stocking rate |
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Definition
| where the average daily gain (ADG) and gain / acre intersect |
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Term
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Definition
-adversely affects forage growth
-water and soil conservation
-pasture plant persistence |
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Term
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Definition
-forage waste
-reduced nutritive quality
-reduced tiller development
-loss of legumes
-less subsequent growth |
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Term
| effects of cattle hooves on wet soil |
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Definition
-damage plants
-compact soil
-reduce water infiltration on clay soils |
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Term
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Definition
-continuous stocking
-continuous stocking with fenced off area during surplus growth period
-rotational stocking
-strip grazing
-creep grazing
-forward creep grazing
-greenchop
-limit grazing |
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Term
| depiction of limit grazing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of continuous stocking |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of continuous stocking with fenced off area during surplus growth period |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of rotational stocking |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of strip grazing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of creep grazing |
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Definition
|
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Term
| depiction of forward creep grazing |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In creep grazing, you need a special fence that allows only the young animals to go thru and get the good quality forage; the adults later follow and clean up |
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Term
| how forward creep grazing works |
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Definition
| Forward creep is a more elaborate form; creep uses fixed gate and forward creep uses moving gate |
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Term
| Greenchop used mostly on... |
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Definition
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Term
| Limit grazing is a good way to reduce the risk of... |
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Definition
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Term
| In a pasture, most of the expenses are ______, followed by ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| When harvesting forage, the other cost is... |
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Definition
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Term
| When the animal harvests the forage, you don’t have to worry about... |
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Definition
| storage or nutrient cycling |
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Term
| disadvantage of continuous grazing |
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Definition
Extreme variation in forage height due to repeated grazing in the same areas of the pasture
results in Poor overall utilization – 40 – 50% |
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Term
| some info about Single pasture (set stocking) systems |
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Definition
Maintains a set number of animals in one pasture
Leads to patches of utilization
Some over-grazed, some undergrazed
What causes this animal behavior? (the animal knows what’s good quality and what’s not) |
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Term
| objectives of Rotational Grazing (Variable Stocking) |
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Definition
- Reduce machinery costs (less hay)
- Reduce supplemental feeding
- Improve distribution and yield of forages
- Improve waste distribution (nutrient cycling)
- Maintain botanical composition of pasture (?)
- Minimize fluctuations in feed quality and intake
- Allocate pastures more efficiently |
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Term
| advantages of rotational grazing over continuous grazing |
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Definition
This makes sure the animals don’t congregate near water holes or shade; they don’t have time to pick and choose
Rotational grazing permits good utilization of pastures, combined with periods of rest for regrowth |
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Term
| some info about Rotational Grazing (Variable Stocking) |
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Definition
Simple systems (3 or 4 paddocks within the pasture system – set time on each pasture)
Rotate among paddocks every 5-7 days
Increases utilization (60-80%), but not animal performance |
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Term
| You get higher gain on cool season grasses because... |
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Definition
| they have more mesophyll, thus more protein and less fiber |
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Term
| how the gate in creep grazing works and why it's set up that way |
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Definition
| This is the type of gate needed in creep grazing; lets the calf thru, but keeps the mother out of there; this is done because calves have higher nutritional needs |
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Term
| the target of rotational grazing |
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Definition
| Managing for Maximum Grass Utilization |
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Term
| We worry about waste management because... |
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Definition
| it’s an environmental thing and it’s free fertilizer |
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Term
| the most important difference between row crop production and grazing dairy |
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Definition
| you have organic matter increasing aggregate stability and a root system in place due to no land disturbance in grazing system |
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Term
| ______ Is the Most Mobile of All Applied Nutrients in Ag Systems |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is a product of the pasture ecosystem |
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Definition
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Term
| Methane from pasture comes from... |
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Definition
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Term
| Confinement/freestall system leads to... |
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Definition
| accumulation of nutrients from feed fed to animals and defficated/urinated onto impervious surfaces |
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Term
| We worry about nitrates in water because of... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| this causes blue baby syndrome |
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Definition
| Nitrate competes with O for sites on the hemoglobin; Nitrate ties up the hemoglobin sites because Nitrate is more aggresive for this than O |
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Term
| one problem you don't have with grazing dairy |
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Definition
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Term
| When you have grazing, there is less impact on... |
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Definition
| water and the environment and such |
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Term
| the 2 forms of N that get volatilized in pasture based dairies |
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Definition
| Nitrous oxide and ammonia |
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Term
| something you don't want to lose in a system |
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Definition
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Term
| grazing dairy is efficient in terms of storing... |
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Definition
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