Nouns can name things that we can touch, taste, see, hear, feel, and smell. 

(GENERAL or SPECIFIC)

Nouns can name things that we CANNOT touch, taste, see, hear, feel, and smell. 

(EMOTIONS)

Words that name different groups of things.

(ANIMAL, person, city)

Noun that names different particular things

(Bullfrog, Gen. Custard, San Diego)

Verbs--Passive Voice 

Example

Pronoun

subjective, objective, and possessive

Subjective: appear s subjects of sentences and phrases (I, You, We, They, He)

Objective: appear as objects of sentences, phrases, and clauses. (her, he, us, them)

Possessive: show ownership of a noun. (my, your, his, her, their, our, its)

Refer to themselves

(myself, yourself, himself)

Basically, any Pronoun with "self" attached to it

Indicate specific persons, places, or things

(This, that, those, these)

Point to, generally not specifically, persons, places, or things

(all, any, anyone, both,either, everybody, everyone, few, many, most, neither, nobody, none, several, some, somebody, someone)

Introduces Clauses

(which, who, whom, whose, that)

Introduces questions

(what, which, who, whom, whose)

A word that joins words or groups of words.

(and, but, or, yet, after, although, as because, before, how, if, once, since, than, though, until)

Link words or independent clauses.

(The giant and the troll gossiped about Rumpelstiltskin)

Introduce Clauses

(Intro of Adverbial Clauses)

Time: after, as, before, since, until, whenever, while

Cause/Reason: as, because, since, whereas

Purpose/Result: that, in order that, so that

Condition: although, even though, unless, if, provided that

Always seen in pairs

(both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also, whether/or)

Absolute Phrase

An absolute phrase made from a noun or pronoun plus a participle (a verb that ends with -ing or -ed)

Ex.

Eyes wide, mouth open= noun + adj

Body quaking, hands trembling= noun + present partic

Head back, hands raised= noun+adj+noun+past partic

Contains linking verbs

EX.

The sun having risen= article+noun+LV+past partic

(having, being, having been)

If it follows a linking verb

The frog's favorite this is submarining through still water.

If it follows an action verb

The loved painting pictures with sunbeams

Object of the preposition "at"

Hercules labored long "at" completing his twelve tasks

If they follow a linking verb

Dorothy's utmost desire was to return to Kansas

If they follow an action verb

Dorothy hoped to see the flatlands of Kansas again

Adj--modifies "question"

Dorothy had an important question to ask the Wizard of OZ

Adverb: modifies "listened"

Dorothy patiently listened to the Munchkins to mullify them.

Prepositional Phrases that act like nouns (when a PP is a subject of a sentence, it is followed by a linking verb)

Beneath the bridge is the place where the troll lives.

EL are taught all subject matter using English as the language of instruction in a class taught by a WITH special knowledge of second language development. 

Majority of class is non-native English speakers or various levels of English language proficiency.

Basic Interpersonal communicative skills.

language skills that we often think of as playground language or cafeteria talk.

1st language skills that are developed

• Reading grade-level textbooks
• participating in class discussions
• synthesizing and analyzing readings
• using academic vocabulary
• writing in a variety of genres
• taking written exams

(--ing words)

The wolf reading a nonmeat cookbook wants to become a vegetarian. (modifies: wolf)

(--ed words)

Filled with wonder, the dwarfs looked to the sky

group of words that NOUN that is often the subject of the sentence, rstates the noun, gives more precise information about the noun it follows.

Jack, the bold theif, absconded with the giant's bag.

Appositive Phrase Formula=article (a, an, the)+Adj+noun

group of words that has a SUBJECT AND A PREDICATE. Begins with:who, whom, whose, which, that, when, (if the sentence has a linking verb as the predicate) or where.

 These words are followed by a verb (the verb may be followed by other words such as noun and prepositional phrases.)

The princess who wears size twelve shoes won the race

Adverbial clauses GIVE MORE INFORMATION ABOUT a verb, an adj, or an adverb 

Tells time, cause/reason, purpose/result, or condition (subordinating conjunctions)

Time: Whenever
Place:wherever
Cause/Reason:As
Purpose: so that
Result:that, so

Condition: although

Acts likea noun and can be the subject, the subjective complement (a clause that follows a linking verb), or the direct object; it can be the object of a preposition

Subject: That the elf was amused was clear

S/C:Ajax's chief suspicion is that Achilles will cheat

DO:Achilles knows that Ajax thinks he will cheat

Obj of Prep: Baba Yaga listened to what the orge reported

1. noun+verb (intransitive:the verb does not arry the action over to an indirect or DO)
2. noun+verb+noun (transitive: the verb carries over to a DO or IDO)
3. noun+linking verb+noun
4. noun+linkingverb+adjective

1. noun
2. article+noun
3. adjective+noun
4. Pronoun
5. Adverb
6. absolute phrase
7. participial phrase
8. prepositional phrase
9. adverbial clause
10. implied ad. cls

When a comma is used in place of a semicolon. A semicolon must connect 2 independent clasuses; a comma can't.

Splice: Cinderella serced for love, Jack searched for gold

Correct: Cinderella searced for love; Jack searched for gold.

The subject of a sentence. Can be a word, phrease or clause. 

Comes before the verb in a sentence

Tells what the subject is doing or what condition it is in. May be a word or a group of words.

Usually begins with the verb of the sentence and is everything after the SUBJECT