Term
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Definition
| A word or phrase that identifies the word before it. It is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. |
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Term
| Give an example of an appositive used in a sentence. |
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Definition
| The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table. |
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Term
| Identify the appositive in this sentence |
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Definition
| Jeanette's bedroom desk, the biggest disaster in the house is a collection of overdue library books, dirty plates, computer components, old mail, cat hair, and empty potato chip bags. |
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Term
| Reflexive pronoun - definition |
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Definition
| A reflexive pronoun is a pronoun that is preceded by the noun or pronoun to which it refers within the same clause. |
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Term
| Reflexive pronoun example |
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Definition
Reflexive pronouns are used in three main situations.
1.Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and object are the same.
I hurt myself.
The band call themselves “Dire Straits”.
He shot himself.
2.They are used as the object of a preposition, when the subject and the object are the same.
I bought a present for myself.
She did it by herself. (She did it alone.)
That man is talking to himself.
3.They are used when you want to emphasize the subject.
I'll do it myself. (No one else will help me.)
They ate all the food themselves. (No one else had any.) |
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Term
| What is a predicate adjective? Give an example. |
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Definition
A predicative adjective is not part of the noun phrase headed by the noun it modifies; rather, it is the complement of a linking verb that links it to the noun.
For example, The book is big.
The predicative adjective big is linked by the linking verb "is" to the noun book, which it modifies. |
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Term
| What is a predicate nominative? Give an example. |
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Definition
A predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun which follows the verb and describes or renames the subject. It is another way of naming the subject. It follows a linking verb.
In grammar, a subject complement is a phrase or clause that follows a linking verb (copula) and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it or (2) describing it. The former, a renaming noun (or sometimes a pronoun), is technically called a predicate noun or predicate nominative (or in some cases, a predicate pronoun). The latter, a describing adjective, is called a predicate adjective. In other words the predicate nominative is in a way mirroring the subject.
Subject complements are used only with a class of verbs called linking verbs, of which "to be" is the most common. Unlike object complements, subject complements are not affected by the action of the verb, and they describe or explain the subject.
Examples of sentences with subject complements:
The lake was a tranquil POOL. (POOL is the predicate nominative - that renames the subject noun) |
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Term
| What is a preposition? Give an example of several. |
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Definition
| Prepositions are words that indicate location. In grammar, a preposition is a part of speech that introduces a prepositional phrase. For example, in the sentence "The cat sleeps on the sofa", the word "on" is a preposition, introducing the prepositional phrase "on the sofa". In English, the most used prepositions are "of", "to", "in", "for", "with" and "on". Simply put, a preposition indicates a relation between things mentioned in a sentence. |
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Term
| Adverb phrases - what are they? |
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Definition
| Adverbs can be single workds or phrases or clauses. Adverbs and adverb phrases answer the questions How? When? Where? and Why? |
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Term
Give an example of an adverb.
give an example of an adverb phrase. |
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Definition
John is such a SPEEDY runner.
Lenora RUDELY grabbed the last chocolate cookie.
AT 2 A.M., a bat flew THROUGH DEIDRE'S OPEN BEDROOM WINDOW. |
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Term
| Adjectives and adjective phrases |
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Definition
A word, phrase or clause that describes a noun by answering one of three question: what kind is it? How many are there? Which one is it?
The PRETTY girl winked at me. |
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Term
| Example of adjective phrase |
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Definition
A friend WITH A FAT WALLET will never want for weekend shopping partners.
A towel THAT IS STILL WARM FROM THE DRYER is more comforting than a hot fudge sundae. |
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Term
| What is a transitive verb? |
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Definition
A transitive verb is an action verb expressing a doable activity like kick, want, paint, write, eat and clean. Second it must have a direct object - soemthing or someone who receives the action of the verb. Sylvia KICKED Juan under the table.
KICKED - transitive verb, Juan = direct object. |
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Term
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Definition
Verbs that express action - something that a person, animal or force of nature can do.
Michelle giggles too much.
If you are unsure whether a sentence contains an action verb or not, look at every word in the sentence and ask yourself, "can a person or thing do this?" |
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Term
What is the action verb in this sentence:
During biology class, Omesh napped at his desk. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of a verb to additional information about the subject. Look at the examples below:
Mario is a computer hacker.
Ising isn't something that Mario can do. Is connects the subject, Mario, to additional information about him, that he will soon have the FBI on his trail. |
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Term
| Give examples of verbs that are always linking verbs. |
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Definition
| The following verbs are true linking verbs: any form of the verb be [am, were, has been, are being |
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Term
| Some verbs are sometimes linking verbs |
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Definition
Some verbs seem to have multiple personalities: appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn. Sometimes these verbs are linking verbs; sometimes they are action verbs. Their function in a sentence decides what you should call them.
How do you tell when they are action verbs and when they are linking verbs? If you can substitute am, is, or are for the verb and the sentence still sounds logical, you have a linking verb on your hands. If, after the substitution, the sentence makes no sense, you are dealing with an action verb. Here are some examples:
Chris tasted the crunchy, honey-roasted grasshopper.
Chris is the grasshopper? I don't think so! In this sentence then, tasted is an action verb. |
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Term
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Definition
You must remember that verbs can have more than one part. In fact, a verb can have as many as four parts. A multi-part verb has a base or main part as well as additional helping or auxiliary verbs with it. Check out the examples below:
Harvey spilled chocolate milkshake on Leslie's new dress.
Because Harvey is a klutz, he is always spilling something.
Harvey might have spilled the chocolate milkshake because the short dress distracted him.
Harvey should have been spilling the chocolate milkshake down his throat. |
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Term
| What is an intrasitive verb? |
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Definition
An intransitive verb has two characteristics. First, it is an action verb, expressing a doable activity like arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, etc. Second, unlike a transitive verb, it will not have a direct object receiving the action.
Here are some examples of intransitive verbs:
Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.
Arrived = intransitive verb.
James went to the campus cafe for a steaming bowl of squid eyeball stew.
Went = intransitive verb. |
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Term
| What is the present progressive tense? |
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Definition
| A verb construction (made up of a present form of the verb "to be" plus a present participle) that conveys a sense of ongoing action at the present time. |
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Term
| What is present perfect tense? |
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Definition
An aspect of the verb expressing an action that began in the past and which has recently been completed or continues into the present.
The present perfect is formed by combining has or have with a past participle (usually a verb ending in -d, -ed, or -n). |
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Term
| List six verb tenses and give examples of each |
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Definition
Present - We go home right after school.
Past - We went home right after school
Future - We will go home right after school
Present Perfect - We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.
Examples:
•I have seen that movie twenty times.
•I think I have met him once before.
Past perfect - If we had gone home right after school, we would have missed the hubbub. The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
Examples:
•I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
•I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done." Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.
FORM Future Perfect with "Will"
[will have + past participle]
Examples:
•You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
•Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.?
•You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"
[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]
Examples:
•You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.
•Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? |
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Term
| Name all three simple verb tenses. |
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Definition
SIMPLE TENSES
Present
Past
Future |
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Term
| Name the perfect verb tenses |
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Definition
PERFECT TENSES
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect |
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Term
| Name the progressive verb tenses |
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Definition
Present progressive
Past progressive
Future progressive
Present perfect progressive
Past perfect progressive
Future perfect progressive |
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Term
| What are the personal pronouns? |
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Definition
A pronoun is used in the place of one or more nouns.
the personal pronouns are:
I, me, my, mine, myself
you, your, yours, yourself, yourselves
He, him, his, himself
She, her, hers, herself
it, its, itself
we, us, our, ours, ourselves
they, them, their, theirs, themselves |
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Term
| possessive pronouns - define |
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Definition
| Pronouns that come dcirectly before nouns and show possession - e.g., my, his, her its, your, their. |
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Term
| What are the four principle parts of a verb? |
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Definition
infinitive - I sing this song often at home.
present participle- I am singing this song at our graduation.
past - I sang this song last year.
past participle - I have sung this song many times. |
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Term
| Name three cases of nouns and pronouns |
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Definition
Nominative - the subject of a sentence
Objective - the object of a sentence (I kicked the ball so hard it collapsed. I kicked it so hard it popped).
Possessive - a word that shows possession. (e.g., the man's head is gigantic! His head is huge!) |
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Term
| What are the personal pronouns - objective case? |
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Definition
1st person singular - me
2nd pers singular - you
3rd person - him, her, it
1st person plural - us
2nd person plural - you
3rd person plural - them |
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Term
| what are the perfect tenses for the verb to sing? |
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Definition
present perfect - I have sung
past perfect - I had sung
future perfect - I shall have sung |
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Term
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Definition
a regular verb forms its past and past participle by adding -ed or -d to the present form.
e.g.,
infinitive = follow,
present praticiple = following,
past = followed,
past participle - have followed |
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Term
| What are irregular verbs? |
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Definition
an irregular verb froms its past tense in some other way than a regular verb.
e.g. drink, drank, have drunk |
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Term
| Name the progressive tenses |
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Definition
The progressive tenses are the six tenses in English which show continuous or repeated actions. Sometimes the past progressive is called the imperfect.
The six progressive tenses correspond to the three basic and three perfect tenses. They are formed by the appropriate basic or perfect tense of the verb to be followed by the present participle.
Present Progressive: I am coming.
Past Progressive: I was coming.
Future Progressive: I will be coming.
Present Perfect Progressive: I have been coming.
Past Perfect Progressive: I had been coming.
Future Perfect Progressive: I will have been coming. |
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Term
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Definition
| The word that answers "Who is the subject?" |
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Term
| What is the object/ what, whom? |
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Definition
| The noun that receives the verb action e.g., who kicked the ball? The ball receives the action. |
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Term
| What are the two forms of possessive? |
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Definition
| Possive adjectives such as my your etc. and possessive pronouns as in mine yours. |
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Term
| what is a possessive pronoun? |
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Definition
| A pronoun that shows ownership e.g. That's MINE. |
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Term
| What is interrogative sentence? |
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Definition
| A sentence that asks a question. |
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Term
| Give an example of an imperative sentence. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three moods of sentences? |
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Definition
Mood shows the attitude of the speaker or the writer to the action or state described by the verb.
1) The declarative/indicative mood is the normal form of a verb, in contrast with the imperative and the subjunctive.
The Indicative is the verb used in ordinary statements and questions:
She went home.
Has she called yet?
2) The Imperative is used to give orders and instructions:
Go home.
Come and see me.
3) The Subjunctive is used to express doubts, wishes, etc. It is not used much in English any more and exists in a few phrases:
If I were you, I'd speak to her about it straightaway.
Be that as it may |
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Term
| What is a negative interrogative sentence? |
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Definition
| Didn't she do her homework? |
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Term
| Define an indefinite pronoun |
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Definition
| An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to one or more unspecified beings, objects, or places. |
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Term
| List ten indefinite singular pronouns |
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Definition
Singular
another – Thanks, I'll have another.
anybody – Anybody can see the truth.
anyone – Anyone can see this.
anything – Anything can happen if you just believe.
each – From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.
either – Either will do.
enough – Enough is enough.
everybody – Everybody was invited.
everyone – Everyone had a cup of coffee.
everything – Everything disappeared.
less – Less is known about this period of history.
little – Little is known about this period of history.
much – Much was discussed at the meeting.
neither – In the end, neither was selected.
no one – No one thinks that you are mean
nobody – Nobody wants to be one of the contestants.
nothing – Nothing is impossible.
one – One might see it that way.
other – One was singing while the other played the piano.
plenty – Thanks, that's plenty.
somebody – Somebody has to take care of it.
someone – Someone should fix that.
something – Something makes me want to dance.
they – Tell them to cut it out. (See: Singular they)
whatever – Take whatever you like.
whoever – Whoever did this?
whichever – Choose whichever is better.
you (in informal usage, in the sense of "one"[1]) – You can understand why. |
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Term
| List five indefinite plural pronouns |
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Definition
Plural
both – Both are guilty.
few – Few were chosen.
fewer – Fewer are going to church these days.
many – Many were chosen.
others – Others can worry about that.
several – Several were chosen.
they (in informal usage, in the sense of "people in general") – They say that smoking is bad for you. |
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Term
| Some indefinite pronouns can be either singular or plural - list three |
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Definition
Singular or plural
all – All is lost.
any – Any will do.
more – More is better.
most – Most would agree.
none – None of those people are related to me.
some – Some of the biscuits have been eaten.
such – Such is life. |
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Term
| What is an interrogative pronoun? |
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Definition
Definition: An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used in order to ask a question. Some of them refer only to people, like "who" and others refer to people and objects, etc like "what". They do not distinguish between singular and plural, so they only have one form. Interrogative pronouns produce information questions that require more than a "yes" or "no" answer.
For example:
•What is her phone number?
•What do you want? |
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Term
| Give an example of an interrogative pronoun |
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Definition
| Interrogative pronouns are: What, Which, Who, Whose, Whom. In addition, these pronouns may take the suffixes -ever and -soever. |
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Term
| What is an adjectival clause? |
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Definition
| A whole phrase that modifies a noun. |
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