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A linguistic system int he mind
A description of a linguistic system
An ideal set of rules |
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Describing how a system works
Which model should be adapted
Describing the system is not simple
Protoype theory |
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Standard Amercan English
Prescriptive grammar
Not based solely on logic
Are not absolute |
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| Denotes the part of speech of a word or the makeup of a grammatical structure; often used in contrast with function. |
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| The role a word or phrase plays in a sentence. |
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| Immediate Constituient (IC) analysis |
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| A structuralist system of analyzing the structure of sentences and their parts |
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Phrase structure tree diagram
Phrase marker |
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A transformationalist system of representing the hierarchical structure of the phrases making up a sentence; resmebles an upside-down tree
(in the book it says theyre the same def) |
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| The theory stating that we form concepts by grouping together similar things under a common lable, with some members being better examples of the class than others. |
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| An example that belongs to a category because it shares all or most of the category's characteristics. |
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| an example that shares some but not all of a category's characterics. |
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| A traditional system for diaggramming sentences;devised in the nineteenth century by the American grammarians. |
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| An analysis of patterns of a language by the application of the principles of linguisitics; in contrast to prescriptive grammar, descriptive grammar is characterized by generalizations based on observationa nd analysis of data rather than on opinion an dbelief. |
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| a grammar designed as a teaching tool |
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| In contrast to descriptive grammars based on linguisitc observation and analysis, presvriptive grammar judges particular items of language usage as either "correct" or "incorrect" based on opinion and tradition dating in part fromthe eighteenth century; the regulative rules found in writer's handbooks and some textbooks |
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| Transformational generative grammar |
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| A description of a language that fivews a set of rules for creating sequences of words that will form grammatical sentences |
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| Rules that describe the grammatical system used by speakers of a language. |
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| Rules that describe the version of grammar considered appropriate for educated speakers of a language. |
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| A variant of a language spoken by a group of people sharing a common time/space component |
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| The features of pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar shared by American speaker of English. |
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| Pronunciation vocabulary, or grammar that differs from what is in dictionaries and prescriptive handbooks, more generally, usage that violates community norms for wirtten and spoken language appropriate for public discourse |
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| The abiligy to use a language appropriately in a variety of social and cultural circumstances |
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| A speaker's knowledge of the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of a particular language |
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| The ability to use language for a variety of purposes, such as stories, conversations, and letters |
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| The ability to use language in interpersonal relationships, taking in to account such complexities as social distance between speakers and indirectness required in a given situation |
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| A form of speech associated with a geographic area or region |
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| A form of speech used by a group within a society characterized especially by the socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and or gender of the speakers. |
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| Varieties of English with simplified vocabulary and grammar used throughout the world in business, finance, and international communication by nonnative speakers of English. |
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| An attempt to be overly correct resulting in the production of langugae different from the standard |
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| The language form produced by speakers acquiring a second language that combines linguisitc features from both their natice and their new language |
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| Errors made when learning a language based on the speakers incorrect inference of grammatical rules. |
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| Errors made when acquiring a second language in which a speaker substitutes features of the native language in the new language |
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| The language used in public speech, such as lectures.. |
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| A speech style used in casual setting |
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The smallest unit of meaning in a language
Has one meaning that can be at least vaguely stated
Contains only one unit of meaning
Can be used with other words
Creates new words from existing words
Supplies grammatical tags to words |
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| A variant form of a morpheme; the form changes but the meaning does not |
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Used to create new words
Dive-Driver |
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Definition
Used to show grammatical relationships
plays played playing ( time diff) |
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| Changing the part of speech without changing the basic form |
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| Can be inflected or derived to another form |
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| Cannot be inflected or derived to another form |
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| the study of the history and origin og a word |
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Definition
Has a noun making morpheme
Can occur with the plural morpheme
Can occur with the possessive morpheme
w/o modifiers, can directly follow an article and create a grammatical unit |
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Term
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Definition
(The)______ seem(s) all right
1. The article is not required.
2. The adjective phrase can vary
3. Only a single word can be tested. |
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Term
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Definition
Has a verb making morpheme
Can occur with present tense morpheme
Can occur with past tense morpheme
Can occur with present-participle morpheme
Can occur with past-participle morpheme
Can be made into a command
Can be made negative
Can fit into a frame Sentence |
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Term
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Definition
Identify adjectives by form, by degree qualifier, intensifier
Adjective Frame
The_____man is very_____.
Has adjective making morpheme
Takes comparative/superlative morpheme
Can be qualified
Can fit both slots in the frame sentence |
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Term
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Definition
Has adverb making morpheme
Takes comparative/superlative morpheme
Can be qualified
can be moved within a sentence
Can fit in the frame sentence
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| Taking the context into consideration when interpreting |
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Definition
Content words
Carry lexical meaning
Unlimited numbers
Are modifiable |
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Definition
Function Words
Carry grammatical meaning
Limited numbers |
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Term
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Definition
Dont occur with any adj derivitational suffixes
Dont have comparative/superlative
Do not fit in ADJ frame sentence
Always precede adj or noun |
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Term
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Definition
Articles- a/an, the
Demonstratives- This, that, these, those
Possessives- my, our, your, his, hers, its, their
Indefinites- some, any, no, every, other, another, more, most, enough,few, less, much, neither, several, all, both, each
Cardinal Number- one, two, three
Ordinal Numbers- first, second, third
Qualifiers-twice, triple, half
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| do not inflect, always preced main verb, |
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Definition
Ususally precede and qualify ADJ/ADV
Very,quite, rather, so just, more, most, less, least
Have specific meanings-
Used for formal and informal settings |
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Term
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Definition
Usually requires and antecedent
Personal pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Reciprocal pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
Issues-usage- indefinite uses singular or plural |
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