Term
| Why are Gram-pos organisms able to retain the crystal violet stain? |
|
Definition
| high amount of peptidoglycan in the cell wall |
|
|
Term
| What do Gram-pos cell walls lack that Gram-neg do not? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Staphylococci are catalase-________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Streptococci are catalase-_________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep pyogenes
Strep agalactiae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep pyogenes
bacitracin sensitive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep agalactiae
bacitracin resistant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Strep pneumoniae
Strep viridans
Strep mutans
Strep sanguis |
|
|
Term
| What is the most pathogenic gram-pos cocci for humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is S. aureus typically identified? |
|
Definition
coagulase test (positive)
all other staphs are negative |
|
|
Term
| Beta hemolytic organisms are identified how? |
|
Definition
| complete hemolysis of erythrocytes, so blood agar turns clear |
|
|
Term
| Alpha hemolytic organisms are identified how? |
|
Definition
| partial or green hemolysis of erythrocytes, so blood agar turns green |
|
|
Term
| Gamma hemolytic organisms are identified how? |
|
Definition
| no hemolysis, so blood agar does not change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What will you see in the lungs of a patient with Staphylococcal pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| multiple, coalescing, small abscesses |
|
|
Term
| What do S. aureus colonies look like? |
|
Definition
large, smooth, translucent, creamy-yellow to golden colored, beta-hemolytic
in pairs and irregular grapelike clusters |
|
|
Term
| What is the hallmark of staphylococcal infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes sloughing of the skin in scalded skin syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes a post-influenza staph pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| influenza virus suppresses/destroys the respiratory ciliary defenses which allows colonization of staph |
|
|
Term
| S. aureus has _________ but no _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lobar consolidation with rapid destruction of lung tissue, resulting in cavitations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binds IgG and prevents opsonization (phagocytosis of the bacteria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| forms fibrin around the bacteria |
|
|
Term
| function of hyaluronidase |
|
Definition
| breaks down connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is used to differentiate S. aureus from S. epidermidis and other Staph sp.? |
|
Definition
coagulase enzyme
S. aureus is coagulase +
all other staph sp. are coagulase - |
|
|
Term
| What gram-pos organism is the leading pathogen for nosocomial infections? |
|
Definition
S. epidermidis
associated with intravascular devices, prosthetic joints, catheters, large wounds |
|
|
Term
| What allows bacteria to survive in the presence of oxygen products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| S. aureus bacteria pneumonia modes of transmission |
|
Definition
aspiration (usually after onset of influenza)
hematogenous (IV drug use with concurrent heart valve infection) |
|
|
Term
| gram-pos diplococi responsible for pneumonia and many other infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumococci often have a __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major virulence factor for Streptococcus pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are anti-pneumococcal vaccines based on? |
|
Definition
| formulations of various capsular (polysaccharide) antigens derived from the highly prevalent strains |
|
|
Term
| Community-acquired pneumonia with no other underlying disorders most often means... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between lung infiltrates found in Strep pneumoniae and those found in viral pneumonia? |
|
Definition
localized to one lobe in Strep
diffuse in viral |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of typical pneumonia |
|
Definition
sudden onset
chills/fever
dyspnea
productive cough with purulent sputum
rales |
|
|
Term
| pathogens of typical pneumonia |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae (community-acquired)
Staphylococcus aureus (secondary, post viral) |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
gradual onset
non-productive cough
headache
sore throat |
|
|
Term
| pathogens of atypical pneumonia |
|
Definition
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Legionella
viral (uncommon in adults) |
|
|
Term
| pathogen of neonate pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen of pneumonia in adults/elderly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen of nosocomial pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen of aspiration pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogens of alcoholic pneumonia |
|
Definition
S. pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| pathogen of pneumonia associated with IVDA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| another name for streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia |
|
Definition
| streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci) |
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for strep throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of strep is Strep pyogenes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of strep throat |
|
Definition
tonsillar exudate
fever
cervical LAD |
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for erysipelas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for impetigo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for scarlet fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs as a delayed sequel to group A streptococcal throat infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| leading cause of bacterial infection and death among newborns |
|
Definition
group B strep
Streptococcus agalactiae |
|
|
Term
| What does GBS cause in newborns? |
|
Definition
sepsis
pneumonia
meningitis |
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for necrotizing fasciitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pathogen responsible for native-valve endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| gold standard for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can happen in untreated strep pyogenes? |
|
Definition
| post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| common pathogen of otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
