Term
|
Definition
obligate pathogen
aeorbic
sporulating
associated with animals and livestock
spores found in pastures and soils
develop after organism is shed
very robust against UV, chemical disinfectants
can survive for centuries
weaponised anthrax
injection anthrax - heroin users w contaminated cutting agent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non motile
grows readily on blood agar
gamma haemolytic
forms large colonies
indian ink stain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
95% of cases
mildest
contact transmission
spores enter cuts
spores germinate
local ulceration 2-5 days
lesions form vesicle
necrosis
can be self limiting
treated to prevent sepsis
5-20% mortality if not treated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
oral or abdominal
abdominal more common
from eating contaminated products
rare
nausea, fever, abdo pain, bloody stools/vomit, ulceration and inflammation of GI tract
>50%mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flu like
fever, malaise
shortness of breath, cough, chills, pleural effusions, sepsis
can cause meningitis when organism spreads to CNS
meningitis almost always fatal, gives bloody spinal taps and cardinals cap - needing throughout brain |
|
|
Term
| anthrax virulence factors |
|
Definition
toxin
capsule
encoded on 2 virulence plasmids
protective agent, lethal factor, oedema factor
pa has pore forming abilities
spores germinate in macrophages
lf and ef can attach to pores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
60 day course of antibiotics
ciprofloxacin
doxycycline
inhilation anthrax requires 3 antibiotics
cutaneous only treated for 7-10 days |
|
|
Term
| who to vaccinate against anthrax |
|
Definition
lab workers
people working directly with imported hides
military personnel
potentially infected animal handlers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anaerobic
sporulating
only a few pathogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gas gangrene
necrosis wounds may become infected with clostridia
cause life threatening spread of infection
organism found in faeces
buttocks, perineum most common infection sites
multiply in tissue producing gas and cellulitis
rapid progression and acute pain
cell lysis and death
usually surgically removed
long cycle of cell death, anaerobiasis, germination, toxin production, cell death
penicillin + clindamycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetanus
toxin mediated
spores in soil originate from faeces
organism gets in via wounds
powerful neurotoxin
spread to CNS
inhibition of neurotransmitter release
exaggerated reflexes
muscle rigidity
lock jaw
respiratory failure
have vaccines
give penicillin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
botulism
spores in soil and contaminated food
when food is canned without proper sterilisation, spores grow and produce gas - swollen cans
8 toxin types
A,B,E effect humans
usually destroyed at 60-90 degrees
rare food poisoning
neurological symptoms
prevents release of acetylcholine at motor nerve endings
weakness, paralysis, vomiting, respiratory failure
give penicillin and ventilation or failure |
|
|
