Term
|
Definition
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Neisseria meningitidis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- pairs of cocci with adjacent sides flattened
- kidney shaped
- capsules and piliated cells for motility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- agent for gonorrhea
- causes PID
- Dissemination results in joint infection (gonococcal arthritis), meningitis, and septicemia
- gram negative intracellular cocci in pairs, kidney shaped,
- ex. guy with knee pain and no hx of break in skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
N. gonorrhoeae
- gram negative cocci |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- meningococcal meningitis (HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS)
- primarily due to antiphagocytic properties of the capsule
- bacteremic phase = macular rash and petechial hemorrhages
- immunity by polysaccharide A, C |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Meningitis - clinical features |
|
Definition
- extremely ill patients
- nuchal rigidity
- fever
- AMS
- headache, photophobia, seizures, focal neuro deficits, petechiae or purpura |
|
|
Term
| Bacterial Meningitis - Diagnostic studies |
|
Definition
- CSF
- gram stain
- protein concentration >500 mg/dl
- Glucose <45 mg/dl
- WBC > 1000/uL
- culture
*TX IMMEDIATELY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- facultative enteric rods
- Bacteroides
- Pseudomonads
- haemophilus, bordetella, zoonoses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Escherichieae (E. Coli), Klebsiellae, Proteae, Yersinieae, Erwinieae.
- Note ESBLs (Extended Spectrum beta lactamase) and CREs (carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae)
- ALL are pathogens for humans
- Somatic (O) antigen and flagella (H) antigen, some with capsular (K) antigen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - major etio agent for UTI and AGE (acute gastroenteritis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- antiphagocytic capsule for virulence
- SEVERE DESTRUCTIVE PNEUMONIA
- ICU infection - common as a secondary invader
- primary cause of nosocomial UTI
- epidemic diarrhea of newborn
- ESBL - KP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cause bladder, lung and blood infections
- septic shock
- 50% mortality
- tx: some respond to two drugs, tigecycline and colistin (kidney damaging)
ESBL - carbapenem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Healthy people do not carry CREs
- long term care residents
- patients who received Rx for other conditions
- vent
- foley, IVs
- long course antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- salmonella
- typhoid fever
- gastroenteritis
- Shigella
- bacillary dysentery - inflammatory cells, blood in stool
- Vibro
- Cholera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Enterobacter aerogenes
- Nosocomial UTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- ANAEROBIC gram negative
- bacteroides fragilis
- habitat of human GI - infxn occur below diaphragm, peritonitis, gyn infections
- abscess formation
- tx: flagyl (clindamycin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- pts receiving long term antibiotics
- **wounds, burns, cystic fibrosis
- UTI, catheterization
- pulm infection, improperly maintained resp. therapy equipment
- immunosuppressed, nosocomial |
|
|
Term
| haemophilus, bordatella, zoonoses |
|
Definition
- indigenous flora and pathogens
- H. influenzae - etio agent of respiratory and meningeal infection
- antigenic properties = capsules
- types = a,b,c,d,e,f - type b most common in kids |
|
|
Term
| Haemophilus pathogenicity - (3 kinds) |
|
Definition
1. Haemophilus influenzae
- acute epiglottiditis (look for thumb sign on X-ray)
- Meningitis
2. Haemophilus aegyptius
- Conjunctivitis
3. Haemophilus ducreyi
- chancroid - HURTS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Bordetella pertussis
- Whooping cough / lapse of immunity
- 7-10 days after exposure
- Mild flu-like Sx (malaise rhinorrhea, cough)– Catarrhal stage
- Violent cough followed by insp whoop – paroxysmal stage,posttusssive emesis, occurs periods of weeks
- Gradual decrease in Sx – 2 to 4 weeks
tx: zithromax |
|
|
Term
| Bordatella Pertussis - Dx, Tx, Prevention |
|
Definition
- Dx: PCR, serology, and culture
- Tx: Azithromycin, do not alter sx with eradication of organism
- Prevention: Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Pasteurella Multocida - bites
- Indigenous flora of resp tract, oropharynx of animals and birds
- TREAT CAT AND HUMAN BITES, not nec. dogs
GIVE AUGMENTIN AND CIPRO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- USE A TB TYPE OF DRUG
M. marinum - chronic nodular lesions, fresh and salt water, swimming pool granuloma, fist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- walking pneumonia
- zithromax |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meningitis (>age 60) and sepsis
Neonates and immunocompromised
Meningitis of neonates as passes through birth canal
Intrauterine infection- still birth
Meningitis: Strep Pneumo, Nisseria M, Listeria |
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