Term
| Serogroups of salmonella? |
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Definition
| S. typhimurium, S. enteritidus, S. typhi |
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Term
| Virulence factors for salmonella? |
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Definition
| Type III secretion system (SPI-1 mediates endocytosis, SPI-2 mediates intracellular and systemic spread); resistant to oxygen dependent and independent killing in macrophages |
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Term
| Environment for salmonella? |
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Definition
| S. enteritidus is present in slaughterhouse contents, eggs, reptiles; s. typhimurium can spread in mice, s. typhi is limited to humans |
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Term
| Complications caused by salmonella? |
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Definition
| S. enteritidus and s. typhimurium cause gastroenteritis, S. typhi causes typhoid fever |
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Term
| What is the incubation period for s. enteritidus and s. typhimurium in gastroenteritis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the incubation period of s. typhi? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How would you treat an infection with salmonella? |
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Definition
| If it is s. enteritidus or s. typhimurium, gastroenteritis is self limiting; s. typhi is treated with fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, or cephalasporin |
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Term
| What virulence factor of E. coli causes neonatal meningitis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the virulence factors for enterotoxigenic E. coli? |
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Definition
| Heat labile toxin, heat stable toxin, fimbrial adhesins |
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Term
| What are the virulence factors for enteroinvasive EC? |
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Definition
| Non-fimbrial adhesins that allow cellular invasion |
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Term
| Which virotype of E. Coli causes symptoms identical to shigella? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the virulence factors of enteropathogenic E. coli? |
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Definition
| Intimin, some shiga toxin |
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|
Term
| What are the virulence factors for enterohemolytic E. Coli? |
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Definition
| Shiga-like toxin, LEE (includes type III secretion protein, intimin, and tir) |
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Term
| Role of tir and intimin in enterohemolytic E. coli? |
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Definition
| Tir is inserted into the host membrane and binds to intimin on E. coli |
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Term
|
Definition
| Locus of enterocyte effacement |
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Term
| Virulence factors for enteroaggregative E. coli? |
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Definition
| Hemolysins, bundle-like pilli that allow aggregation |
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Term
| Which virotypes of E. coli are invasive? |
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Definition
| Enteroinvasive, enteropathogenic |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Complications caused by E. Coli? |
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Definition
| UTI's, sepsis, nosocomial infections, neonatal meningitis, gastroenteritis |
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Term
| Which organism is responsible for most UTI's? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the most common gram-negative organism causing sepsis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the symptoms of ETEC? |
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Definition
| Diarrhea in traveler's, no fever or inflammation |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of EIEC? |
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Definition
| Bloody diarrhea, mimics that of shigella infection (no toxin) |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of EHEC? |
|
Definition
| Appears in pediatric patients, bloody discharge, possible hemolytic uremic syndrome |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of EPEC? |
|
Definition
| Appears in infants, diarrhea without blood |
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|
Term
| What are the symptoms of enteroaggregative E. Coli? |
|
Definition
| Occurs in young children, diarrhea, no inflammation or fever |
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Term
|
Definition
| S. Dysenteriae, S. Flexneri, S. Boydii, S. Sonnei |
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|
Term
| Which species of shigella is most common in the developing world? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What species of shigella is most common in the industrial world? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Virulence factors for shigella? |
|
Definition
| Shiga toxin, acid resistance, can spread from cell to cell directly via type III secretion system (Ipa) |
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Term
| Environment for s. dysenteriae? |
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Definition
| Transmitted by fecal-oral routes, present often in pediatric patients |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Treatment for infection with s. dysenteriae? |
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
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Term
| What are the virulence factors for H. pylori? |
|
Definition
| Urease, phospholipases, vacA, cagA pagthogenicity island encoding the type IV secretion system (present in more virulent strains) |
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Term
| Which bacteria has no known animal reservoir? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which bacteria is the most common cause of gastritis in man? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Complications caused by H. pylori? |
|
Definition
| Gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarincoma, gastric mucosa associated type-B lymphoma |
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|
Term
| Treatment for infection with H. pylori? |
|
Definition
| Proton blockers and proton pump inhibitors, antimicrobials (metronidazole, omeprazole) |
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Term
|
Definition
| V. cholerae, v. parahemolyticus, v. vulnificus |
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|
Term
| Virulence factors for V. cholerae? |
|
Definition
| ToxR, Toxt, tcp (toxin-regulated pili), acf, CtxAB (cholera toxin) |
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|
Term
| What is the role of ToxR in v. cholerae toxicity? |
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Definition
| Binds to Toxt to regulate transcription tcp, acf, and ctxAB |
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|
Term
| What is the role of tcp (toxin-regulated pili) in v. cholerae? |
|
Definition
| Serves as the receptor for CTXphage (cholera toxin phage) |
|
|
Term
| How does cholera toxin effect the host? |
|
Definition
| Binds to GM1 ganglioside receptor on intestinal mucosa cells, upregulates adenylate cyclase, and increases water, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate uptake into the lumen |
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|
Term
| Virulence of v. parahaemolyticus? |
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Definition
| Invades colonic mucosal cells |
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Term
| What is the environment and mode of transmission of v. cholerae vs. v. parahaemolyticus? |
|
Definition
| V. Cholerae resides in the lumen of the small intestine and infection occurs after consumption of contaminated food or water, V. parahemolyticus resides within colonic cells and infection occurs during consumption of undercooked fish |
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|
Term
| What infections do v. parahemolyticus and v. vulnificus have in common? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which bacteria confers life-long immunity to the host after infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Y. enterocolitica, y. psuedotuberculosis, y. pestis |
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|
Term
| Virulence factors for y. enterocolitica and y. psuedotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| 70 bp plasmid contains YadA, type III secretion, and LcrV |
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|
Term
| Virulence factors for Y. pestis? |
|
Definition
| 9.6 bp plasmid has plasminogen activator and adherence proteins; 70 bp plasmid codes for YadA, type III secretion, and LcrV; 101 bp plasmid codes for capsule |
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|
Term
| Mode of transmission and environment of Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| Invade M cells of Peyer's patches and reside in mesenteric lymph nodes, acquired by contaminated food and water |
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|
Term
| Mode of transmission for Y. pestis? |
|
Definition
| Transferred from flea bites and via aerosol in pneumonic plague phase |
|
|
Term
| What can hosts be affected by post y. enterocolitica infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What MHC protein is associated with Reiter's Syndrome? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the difference between the gastroenteritis caused by y. enterocolitica and y. psuedotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| Y. enterocoliticus gives gasteroenteritis with diarrhea, fever, and cramping; y. pseudotuberculosis is without diarrhea and is more likely to become systemic |
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|
Term
| What disease is caused by Y. pestis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of bubonic plague? |
|
Definition
| Bubos, septic shock, necrotic lesions, infection of lungs |
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|
Term
| Treatment for Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for y. pestis infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for y. enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis? |
|
Definition
| Gastroenteritis will resolve on its own |
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|
Term
| Virulence factors for C. jejuni? |
|
Definition
| Motility, adhesin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) |
|
|
Term
| Mode of transmission and environment for C. Jejuni? |
|
Definition
| Travels in animals, found in undercooked meat products; enters M cells in Peyer's patches and can colonize the entire GI tract |
|
|
Term
| Complications caused by C. Jejuni? |
|
Definition
| Gastroenteritis, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, reactive arthritis |
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|
Term
| Symptoms of C. Jejuni-induced gastroenteritis? |
|
Definition
| Bloody stool, cramping, flu-like symptoms, can be confused with appendicitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of GBS? |
|
Definition
| Cross-reaction of antibodies specific for O-specific antigens cross react with ganglioside components of peripheral nerves |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for C. Jejuni induced gastroenteritis? |
|
Definition
| Usually self-limiting, but may require erythromycin and fluoroquinone in complicated cases |
|
|
Term
| What two infections can cause appendicitis-like conditions? |
|
Definition
| C. jejuni and Y. enterocolitica |
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