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| the place where an organism lives |
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| living organisms, their wastes and remains |
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| all individuals of THE SAME SPECIES in the particular area |
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| all individuals from all populations |
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| All the living organisms in a region and their physical and chemical environment |
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| maintain relatively constant set of characteristics over time |
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| maintain natural conditions without interruption, weakening or loss of value |
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| organism that produces their own food through photosynthesis |
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| can’t produce their own food, relies on other organisms for energy |
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| animals that eat other animals |
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| animals that eat both plants and other animals |
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| eats remains of other animals |
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| the role of the species in its ecosystem including what it feeds on, what eats it and how it behaves. No two species occupy identical niches. |
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| the number of organisms of a species in an area |
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| one species hunting another species |
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| two species benefit each other |
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| where one species lives in or on and feeds on a host species |
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| where on species benefits and the other is not harmed or benefited |
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| The max number of individual of a species that can be supported by the ecosystem |
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| a non-native species whose intentional or accidental introduction to an ecosystem negatively impact the natural environment |
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| taking responsibility for managing and protecting the environment |
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| a complex mixture of minerals, water, nutrients, air spaces and decomposing organic matter |
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| consumers that feed on crops or are inconvenient to humans |
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| chemicals designed to kill pests, either cause physical or biological harm to pests |
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| accumulating of toxins from pesticides in fatty tissues |
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| higher concentration of toxins in organisms on higher trophic levels |
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| not both carbon and hydrogen |
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| living organisms and Earth’s process of recycling matter |
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| an ecosystem that is maintained through natural processes |
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| energy that travels through empty space |
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| visible form of radiant energy |
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| energy transferred during heating or cooling |
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| process to convert the sun's light energy into chemical energy |
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| a representation of feeding relationships within a community |
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| the movement of matter through biotic and abiotic environment |
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| two individuals vie for the same resource |
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| body of water with low nutrient |
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| body of water with high nutrients |
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| area of land through which all water drain into a single lake or river |
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| area where fresh and salt water mix. Rich in nutrients and support variety of valuable shellfish |
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| unusual communities along tropical or semitropical shorelines of trees whose roots extend into the water |
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| state of an ecosystem with relatively consistent conditions over time |
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| the gradual and generally predictable change in the composition of a community after a disturbance |
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| succession on a newly exposed ground, such as after a volcano eruption |
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| succession in a partially disturbed ecosystem like after a forest fire |
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| the variety of life in an ecosystem |
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| number of species in an area |
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| refers to a species that has died out and no longer occur on Earth |
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| no longer exist in a certain area but still exist elsewhere |
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| facing imminent extirpation or extinction |
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| species likely to become endangered if the factors reducing its survival are not changed |
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| may become endangered or extinct due to a combination of factors |
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| harmful contaminants released into the envrionment |
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| precipitation that is more acidic due to the combination of certain chemicals with water vapour |
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| a system of farming using non-synthetic pesticides and fertilizers |
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| integrated pest management |
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| a strategy that controls pest using a combination of physical, chemical and biological controls |
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| average of the weather in a region over a long period of time |
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| complex set of elements interacting with each other to produce global climate |
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| a natural process whereby gas and clouds absorb IR radiation and radiates it, heating the atmosphere and Earth |
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| any gas (co2, methane, water vapour) that absorbs IR radiation in the atmosphere |
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| a process in which the result affects the original process |
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| a reservoir, such as an ocean that absorbs and stores heat |
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| a circular current in air and other fluids caused by warm air rising and cold air sinking |
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| the continuous flow in the ocean's water due to difference in temperature and salinity |
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| a period in Earth's history where the global climate is cooler and much of the planet is covered by ice |
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| theory explaining the slow movement of the large plates of the Earth's crust |
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| the theory that the Earth's continents used to be one super continent called pangea |
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| a period between ice ages when the Earth warms up |
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| a recurring change in pacific winds and ocean that brings warm, moist air to west coast of south America |
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| the measure of how much of the sun is reflected by surface |
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| the positive feedback loop which an increase of Earth's temperature leads to more ice melting which leads to warmer temperature |
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| information stored in tree rings, ice cores and fossils that can offer insight to past climate |
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| resulting from human influence |
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| anthropogenic greenhouse effect |
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Definition
| increasing amount of IR trapped due to greenhouse gas released by human activities. A key contributor to global warming. |
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| an energy source that produces no greenhouse gas or lower greenhouse gas than fossil fuels |
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| a scientific prediction on future climate based on observation and computer modelling |
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| Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
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| groups of thousands of climate scientists who have summarized the latest scientific research on climate change |
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| a plan within the UN to reduce GG emission |
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| a physical substance through which energy can be transferred |
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| a form of energy transfer that does not require a medium. Energy travels at speed of light |
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| classifying electromagnetic waves by energy |
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| electromagnetic wave that human eye can detect |
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| the continuous sequence of colours that makeup white light |
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| production of light due to high temperature |
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| the process of producing light by passing an electric current through a gas |
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| the process of producing light by absorbing UV and emitting visible light over an extended period of time |
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| the process of producing light by absorbing UV and releasing it immediately |
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| production of light through chemical reaction with little or no heat production |
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| the process of generating light by scratching, crushing or rubbing crystals |
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| producing light by electric currents passing through semiconductors |
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| a line in a diagram representing the direction and path light is travelling |
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| using light rays to determine how light will behave when striking an object |
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| light emitted from the source that strikes the object |
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| transmits all light (object behind can clearly be seen) |
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| transmits some light but absorbs/reflects other (object not clearly seen) |
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| does not transmit light (object behind can't be seen) |
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| the reproduction of an object through the use of light |
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| polished surface reflecting an image |
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| the bounce back of light from a surface |
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| the line perpendicular to the reflecting surface |
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| reflection of light off a smooth, shiny surface |
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| reflection off a rough or dull surface |
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| light coming from an apparent source but the light is not arriving or coming from where the image appears to be |
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| orientation of image is backwards and in reverse order |
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| a mirror shaped like park of a sphere where the inner part is reflective |
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Definition
| a mirror shaped like a part of a sphere where the outer part is reflective |
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| the centre of the sphere whose surface has been made into a mirror |
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| image can be displayed on a screen because light arrives to where the image appears to be |
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| the bend or change direction of light when it goes from one medium to another |
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| total internal reflection |
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Definition
| situation where angle of incidence is greater than critical angle |
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Definition
| the angle of incidence that makes the angle of refraction equal to 90 |
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| an optical device in which the emergent ray is parallel to the incidence ray |
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| the depth an object appears to be at due to refraction in transparent mediums |
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| a virtual image caused by refraction and total internal reflection of light in the Earth's atmosphere |
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| thickest in the middle and converges parallel rays through a single point |
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| thin in the middle and parallel rays spread apart after passing through the lens |
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| point at exact centre of the lens |
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| the point where all rays parallel to the PA converges |
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| the ray that leaves the ray after being refracted |
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| changing eye shape to focus image on retina |
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| rapid reaction between fuel and oxygen that produces energy |
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