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Grade 8 Science Final
Vocab
45
Science
8th Grade
05/21/2010

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Cards

Term
Standard
Definition
Something considered by an authority or by general consent as a basis of comparison
Term
Solid
Definition
Matter with a definite shape and volume
Term
Liquid
Definition
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape
Term
Gas
Definition
Matter that does not have a definite shape or volume
Term
Substance
Definition
Any element or compound that has the same composition and properties throughout
Term
Mixture
Definition
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Term
Homogeneous
Definition
Mixture that is thoroughly mixed up
Term
Heterogeneous
Definition
Mixture that is not thoroughly mixed up; may be clumpy
Term
Chemical Change
Definition
A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
Term
Physical Change
Definition
A change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same
Term
Ionic Bond
Definition
A chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
Term
Covalent Bond
Definition
A chemical bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
Term
Speed
Definition
The rate at which an object moves
Term
Acceleration
Definition
A change in speed or direction
Term
Velocity
Definition
Speed and direction of travel
Term
Constant Speed
Definition
Speed that remains the same at any given time
Term
Instantaneous Speed
Definition
The rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount of space that matter takes up
Term
Density
Definition
The amount of mass in a given volume
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Term
Atom
Definition
The basic particle from which all elements are made
Term
Element
Definition
A substance consisting entirely of one type of atom
Term
Compound
Definition
A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Term
Isotope
Definition
An atom that has the same atomic number as other atoms of the same element, but has a different number of neutrons
Term
Plasma
Definition
A high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons
Term
Crystal Solid
Definition
Solid particles arranged in repeating patterns
Term
Amorphous Solid
Definition
A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
Term
Heat of Fusion
Definition
The amount of energy required to change a substance from the solid phase to the liquid phase at its melting point
Term
Heat of Vaporization
Definition
The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas
Term
Sublimation
Definition
The change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state
Term
Deposition
Definition
The change of state from a gas directly to a solid
Term
Viscosity
Definition
A liquid's resistance to flow
Term
Evaporation
Definition
Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid
Term
Absolute Zero
Definition
The theoretical temperature at which matter possesses no kinetic energy
Term
Kinetic Theory
Definition
A theory explaining the states of matter based on the concept that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion
Term
Law of Conservation of Mass
Definition
The law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes
Term
Metals
Definition
Elements that are shiny, ductile, malleable, good conductors of thermal energy
Term
Nonmetals
Definition
Elements that are not malleable, not ductile, not shiny, poor conductors of thermal energy and electric current
Term
Metalloid's
Definition
Elements that have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals
Term
Ion
Definition
An atom that has become electrically charged as a result of gaining or losing one or more electrons
Term
Molecule
Definition
The combination of two or more atoms covalently bonded together
Term
Polar Molecules
Definition
A type of covalent bond sharing of electrons in which the electrons are unequally shared producing opposite charges at either end of the molecule
Term
Binary Compound
Definition
A chemical compound composed of only two elements
Term
Polyatomic Compound
Definition
A chemical compound that contains at least three different elements
Term
Motion
Definition
An object's change in position relative to a reference point
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