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Grade 7 Chapter 4
Genetics: The Science of Heredity
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07/28/2006

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Term
heredity
Definition
the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring
Term
trait
Definition
the characteristics of an organism
Term
genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity or the passing on of traits from an organism to its offspring
Term
fertilization
Definition
a new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join
Term
purebred organism
Definition
the offspring of many generations that have the same trait
Term
gene
Definition
factors that control a trait
Term
alleles
Definition
different forms of a gene
Term
dominant allele
Definition
is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Term
recessive allele
Definition
is hidden when the dominant allele is present ; shows up if the organism does not have the dominant allele
Term
hybrid
Definition
an organism has both a dominant allele and a recessive allele
Term
probability
Definition
is a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur
Term
Punnett Square
Definition
a chart to show all the possible allele combinations that can result from a genetic cross
Term
phenotype
Definition
is the organisms physical appearance or visible traits
Term
genotype
Definition
is the organisms genetic makup or allel combinations
Term
homozygous
Definition
organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait
Term
heterozygous
Definition
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait
Term
codominance
Definition
the alleles are not dominant or recessive; both alleles are expressed in the offspring
Term
meiosis
Definition
form reproductive cells; there are 2 parents and 2 sets of chromosomes; a new organism if formed with one set of chromosomes from each parent
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