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Grade 7 chapter 3
Cell Processes and Energy
27
Other
Not Applicable
07/28/2006

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Term
element
Definition
contains only 1 kind of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Term
compound
Definition
2 or more elements chemically combined
Term
carbohydrates
Definition
energy-rich organic compound; made of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen
Term
lipids
Definition
3 kinds: fats, oils and waxes; cells store energy in lipids for later use
Term
proteins
Definition
large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
Term
amino acids
Definition
20 common smaller molecules combined to made different proteins
Term
enzyme
Definition
type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
molecules that make up chromosomes; DNA and RNA
Term
selective permeable
Definition
cell membrane lets only certain things pass through
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of material from an area where colecules are crowded (high concentration) to an area where they are less crowded (lower concentration)
Term
osmosis
Definition
when water molecules go into or out of a cell from a place with more molecules (higher concentration) to a place with less molecules (lower concentration)
Term
active transport
Definition
cell uses it own energy to transport a substance into or out of a cell
Term
passive transport
Definition
materials pass through the cell membrane without requiring the cell's energy
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
process where cells capture energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
Term
autotroph
Definition
organism that can make its own food using sunlight and photosynthesis
Term
heterotroph
Definition
organism that cannot make its own food - get their energy from eating plants and other organisms that eat plants
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
pigment in chloroplasts that absorb light and uses it to power the second stage of photosynthesis
Term
chloroplasts
Definition
green organelles inside plant cells
Term
stomata
Definition
openings in the bottom of leaves
Term
respiration
Definition
release of energy by combining oxygen with digested food
Term
fermentation
Definition
is a process where energy is released without using oxygen
Term
cell cycle
Definition
the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Term
interphase
Definition
the cell grows, makes a copy of its DNA and prepares to divide into 2 cells
Term
replication
Definition
the process in which the cell lmakes a copy of DNA in its nucleus
Term
mitosis
Definition
when the cell's nucleus divides into 2 new nuclei
Term
chromosomes
Definition
chromatin in the nucleus become short and thick
Term
cytokinesis
Definition
the cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells are formed
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