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Gr 7 - Substances and mixtures
Substances and mixtures
49
Science
7th Grade
10/24/2012

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Term
Solid
Definition
- particles are close together
- particles vibrate slowly
- has a set volume
- rigid shape
- cannot flow
Term
Liquid
Definition
- particles are farther apart
- particles vibrate more quickly
- set volume
- takes the shape of a container
- can flow
Term
Gas
Definition
- particles are furthest apart
- particles vibrate most quickly
- fills the container it's in
- takes the shape of the container
- can flow
Term
Particle theory of matter
Definition
All matter is made up of tiny particles, and these particles are in constant motion.
Term
Heat Energy
Definition
When heat is added to matter, the particles vibrate faster and spread further apart.
Term
Energy
Definition
The ability to make things move
Term
Heat
Definition
When energy is transferred from materials with a high temperature to materials with a low temperature.
Term
Temperature
Definition
The measurement of how hot or cold something is.
Term
Properties
Definition
Key characteristics of a substance
Term
Magnetism
Definition
- you can use magnetism to separate mixtures
- if you have a mixture of iron and sand, a magnet would pull out the iron.
Term
Filtration (sifting)
Definition
A method in which you use the property of size to separate mixtures. You can use a sieve or strainer to separate the particles if they are solid. Use filter paper to separate a solid from a liquid.
Term
Evaporation
Definition
The liquid portion of the solution is allowed to evaporate, leaving the solute behind.
Term
Distillation
Definition
Uses the property of the boiling point to separate two components of a solution. Use only if boiling points are different.
Term
Matter
Definition
Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Term
Pure substance
Definition
Contains only one type of particle. Example: gold
Can be an element or a compound.
Term
Mixtures
Definition
Substances that consist of combinations of two or more pure substance or different particles. Mixtures can be solids, liquids or gases. There are 3 types of mixtures : mechanical mixture, suspension, solution.
Term
Solute
Definition
The thing that dissolves into the solvent. Example : sugar
Term
Solvent
Definition
The thing that the solute dissolves into. Example: water
Term
Solution
Definition
A uniform mixture of two substances. It contains a solute dissolved in a solvent. Will not separate when left to stand. Example : kool-aid, coffee.
If you take multiple samples, they will all look the same.(homogeneous)
Term
Suspension
Definition
A substance which has different particles suspended within it. This will separate when left to stand. Example: milk, ketchup
Term
Mechanical Mixture
Definition
A physical mixture where individual items can be seen and physically separated. Example : Froot Loops, Lego.
Samples will all look different (heterogeneous)
Term
Element
Definition
A substance made up of only one type of atom. Example: gold, oxygen.
Term
Compound
Definition
A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms. Example : sugar, carbon dioxide.
Term
Raw Materials
Definition
Unprocessed materials of any kind.
Term
Heterogeneous Mixture
Definition
Un uneven mixture that contains two or more substances; samples may have different properties.
Term
Homogeneous Mixture
Definition
A mixture that is the same throughout; all samples taken will have the same properties.
Term
Dissolve
Definition
When a solute mixes into a solvent creating a solution.
Term
Solubility
Definition
The maximum amount of a particular solute that can be dissolved in a particular solvent at a given temperature.
Term
Saturated Solution
Definition
A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature.
Term
Supersaturated Solution
Definition
A solution that contains more of the solute than would be found in a saturated solution.
Term
Alloy
Definition
A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or metals and other substances in a solid solution.
Term
Ceramic
Definition
A material manufactured by heating minerals and rocks; examples are pottery, bricks, glass and bricks.
Term
Glass
Definition
A ceramic product made by mixing small amounts of limestone and potash with silica at high temperatures.
Term
Plastic
Definition
A modern material manufactured in a multistep process, beginning with oil and gas.
Term
Concentrated Solution
Definition
A solution that contains a high amount of solute.
Term
Clean Water
Definition
Water that contains no extra solutes in it.
Term
Soft Water
Definition
Water that contains very small amounts of dissolved minerals; easily forms a lather when mixed with soap.
Term
Sand
Definition
A soil component that consists of largest particles of rock.
Term
Acid Rain
Definition
Rain, snow or hail that contains acids formed from sulphur and nitrogen-containing pollutants in the atmosphere.
Term
Turbidity
Definition
A measure of the amount of suspended solids in water.(how cloudy is the water?)
Term
Hardness
Definition
A property of minerals; describes how resistant a mineral is to being scratched.
Term
Hard Water
Definition
Water that contains certain dissolved substances, such as magnesium, calcium or sulphur.
Term
PH Scale
Definition
A guage, ranging from 1 to 10, used to express the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Term
What is added to our water?
Definition
Chlorine - to destroy bacteria
Fluoride - to protect our teeth
Term
What affects the rate at which a substance dissolves?
Definition
1. temperature
2. how much solute is already dissolved
3. vibrations of the container
Term
Solute + solvent = ?????
Definition
solution
Term
Name the solute and the solvent in pop
Definition
solute = carbon dioxide gas
solvent = water
Term
Name an example of a gas solution.
Definition
Air - made up of nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide.
Neon Lights - neon gas plus other gases.
Term
Name an example of an alloy.
Definition
Steel - iron and carbon
Brass - zinc and copper
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