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| According to Anthony Downs, a "team of mean [and women] seeking to control the government apparatus by gaining office in a duly constituted election |
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| consists of elected officials who call themselves members of the party |
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| has a national office, a full-time staff, rules and bylaws, and budgets |
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| the largest component of an American political party. To be a member of a party, you need only claim to be a member |
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| The channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the government's policy agenda. In the U.S., these include elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media. |
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| four main linkage institutions |
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| parties, elections, interest groups, and the media |
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| party's endorsement is called this |
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| A popular theory in political science to explain the actions of voters as well as politicians. It assumes that individuals act in their own best interest, carefully weighing the costs and benefits of possible alternatives |
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| the voter's perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism. |
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| A citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other |
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| Voting with one party for one office and with another party for other offices. It has become norm in American voting behavior |
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| A type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes and to govern. |
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| One of the key inducements used by party machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone. |
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| Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party can vote for that party's candidates, thus encouraging greater party loyalty |
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| Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contest. |
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| Elections to select party nominees in which voters are presented with a list of candidates from all of the parties. Voters can then select some Democrats and some Republicans if they like |
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| The meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform |
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| One of the institutions that keeps the party operating between conventions. It is composed of representatives from the states and territories. |
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| this person is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the party and is usually handpicked by the presidential nominee. |
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| A group of individuals with a common interest on which every political party depends. |
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| Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win a majority of the elections. |
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| an electoral "earthquake" whereby new issues emerge, new coalitions replaces old ones, and the majority party is often displaced by the minority party. These periods are sometimes marked by a national crisis and may require more than one election to bring about a new party era |
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| The displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period |
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| a coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to the 1960s. Its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals. |
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| The gradual disengagement of people and politicians from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification |
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| Electoral contenders other than the two major parties. American third parties are not unusual, but they rarely win elections |
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| A view favored by some political scientists about how parties should work. According to the model, parties should offer clear choices to the voters, who can then uses those choices as cues to their own preferences of candidates. Once in office, parties would carry out their campaign promises. |
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