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| money granted by the federal government to the states for a broad purpose (e.g., transportation) rather than for a narrow purpose (e.g., school luncg program) |
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| money granted by the federal government to the states for a narrow purpose (e.g., school lunch program) rather than for a broad pupose (e.g., transportation. |
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| those who favor greater national authority rather than state authority |
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| system in which each branch of government can limit the power of the other two branches, e.g., presidential veto of a congressional law |
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| gives congress the power to regulate commerce among the states, with foreign nations, and among Indian tribes. Granted through Article 1, section 8 of the constitution |
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| those held by both congress and the states, e.g., establishing law enforcement agencies |
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| system in which sovereign states are only loosely tied to a central government, e.g., the US under the Articles of Confederation |
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| those who favor greater state authority rather than national authority |
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| system in which the people rule themselves |
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| states that Congress can exercise those powers that are "necessary and proper" for carrying out the enumerated powers, e.g., establishment of the first Bank of the US |
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| those that are specifically granted to Congress in Article 1, section 8 of the constitution, e.g., the power to tax. Also known as expressed powers |
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| constitutional sharing of power between a central government and state governments |
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| system in which the national government and state governments are coequal, with each being dominant within its respective sphere |
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| system in which both federal government and state governments cooperate in solving problems |
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| system in which the national government restores greater authority back to the states |
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| group of 85 essays written by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, for the purpose of persuading the people of New York to adopt the Constitution |
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| a change in the actual wording of the constitution. Proposed by Congress or national convention, and ratified by the states. |
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| those that are "necessary and proper" to carry out Congress' enumerated powers, and are granted to Congress through elastic clause |
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| system in which the people are rule by their representatives. Also known as representative democracy, or Republic. |
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| foreign policy powers (e.g., acquiring territory) held by the national government by virtue of its being a national government |
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| a change in the meaning, but not the wording, of the Constitution, e.g., through a court decision such as Brown v. Board of Education |
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| power of the courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws and government actions. Established by Marbury v. Madison, 1803. |
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| requirements imposed by the national government upon the states. Some are unfunded mandates, i.e., they are imposed by the national government, but lacking funding. |
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| 1803, established the power of judicial review |
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| 1819, established principle of national supremacy and validity of implied powers |
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| powers of the states to protect the public health, safety, morals and welfare of the public |
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| principle in which ultimate political authority rests with the people |
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| powers held by the states through the 10th amendment. Any power not granted to the US goverment is "reserved" by the states |
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| principle in which the powers of government are separated among three branches, legislative, executive, judicial |
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| 1786 revolt by Massachusetts farmers seeking relief from debt and foreclosure that was a factor in the calling of the Constitutional Convention |
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| a majority greater than a simple majority of one over half, e.g., 3/5, 2/3 |
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