Term
| Administrative discretion |
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Definition
| authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem |
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Term
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Definition
| Congressional funding of programs within limits established by authorization bills and covers usually one year. This bill is what actually makes the program work and is necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| act of Congress that establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement. It specifies program goals and maximum expenditures for discretionary programs |
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Term
| How many members are in the cabinet today? |
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Definition
| 13 secretaries and attorney general |
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Term
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Definition
| If Congress is unable to reach agreement on appropriations bills, these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year |
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Term
| Council of Economic Advisors |
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Definition
| (CEA) a three-member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy |
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Term
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Definition
| lifting of restrictions on economic activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer |
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Term
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Definition
| policies for which expenditures are uncontrollable due to the obligation Congress has towards maintaining the programs and receipients |
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Term
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Definition
| orders with the effect of law (Presidential power) |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget plus a little more |
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Term
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Definition
| public assistance program designed to provide health care for poor Americans. Funded by both states and national government |
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Term
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Definition
| program added to the Social Security system that provides hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other expenses |
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Term
| National Security Council |
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Definition
| coordinates the president's foreign and military policy advisors. managed by president's national security advisor |
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Term
| Office of Management & Budget |
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Definition
| (OMB) office that grew out of the Bureau of the Budget and responsible for informing the president on financial status |
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Term
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Definition
| creates a federal civil service sot hat hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage |
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Term
| What does policy implementation involve in? |
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Definition
| translating the goals and objectives of a policy into n operating, ongoing program |
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Term
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Definition
| use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector |
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Term
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Definition
| (1915) explicitly permitted Congress to levy an income tax |
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Term
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Definition
| (1951) permits vice president to become acting president if president is determined to be disabled. Also outlines how the recuperated president can reclaim the job |
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Term
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Definition
| (1951) presidents can only serve two terms of office |
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Term
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Definition
| (1935) passed during the Great Depression and intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older Americans and save them from poverty |
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Term
| Standard operating procedure |
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Definition
| (SOPs) used to bring uniformity to complex organizations. Often outdated or simply not practiced |
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Term
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Definition
| (1973) a reaction to Americans fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia. Requires presidents to consult with Congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension. Seen by presidents as unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
| (1972) Events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, and the subsequent cover-up of White House involvement leading to President Nixon's eventual resignation |
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Term
| List seven "perks" members of Congress receive. |
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Definition
| 4x salary of typical American family. Generous retirement benefits. Office space in Washington and their constituencies. Substantial congressional staff who serve individual members, committees, and party leaders. Handsome travel allowances to see their constituents each year and opportunities to travel at low fares or even free to foreign nations on congressional inquiries (junkets). Franking privileges (free mail and machine to duplicate member's signature). Plenty of small privileges (free flowers, research services, exercise rooms, etc.) |
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Term
| What is one criticism for term limitation? |
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Definition
| Loss of experienced legislators and of the American people's ability to vote for whomever they please |
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Term
| Identify four types of Congressional committees. |
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Definition
| Standing committees. Joint committees. Conference committees. Select committees |
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Term
| In what ways can Congress frustrate activities of lobbyists? |
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Definition
| Congress can ignore, and embarrass lobbyists, expose heavy-handed tactics, spread the word among an organization's members that is is being poorly represented in Washington, and regulate the lobbyists |
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