Term
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Definition
| Washington and Adams, first parties |
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Term
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Definition
Party Image=perception of what Dem and Rep stand for;
Party Identification=citizens proclamation
Patronage; revived with Carter
Platforms: politicians generally do what they say they will |
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Term
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Definition
strength comes from counties (used to be cities)
Primaries: closed, open
Parties aggregate interests and in doing so moderate them |
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Term
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Definition
Parties organize members for action in 3 branches of government
Party control in government matters
Parties organize institutions of government; politicians look first to their party |
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Term
| 3 roles of Political Parties |
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Definition
Party in Electorate
Party as Organization
Party in Government |
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Term
| 3 Considerations of Public Opinion |
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Definition
-What is it made of?
-How does it change?
-Why does it matter? |
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Term
| What is Public Opinion Made of? |
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Definition
Identity
Geography
Ideology
Reference |
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Term
| Theories of Public Opinion |
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Definition
Online Processing of political and policy information
Thermostatic Model
Attitude Change and Opinion Instability
Rational Public |
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Term
| Online Processing of political information and policy information |
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Definition
| Do citizens update or rationalize? |
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Term
| Thermostatic model of public opinion |
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Definition
| Reacting to policies or performance? Think of temperature thermostat |
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Term
| Attitude Change and Opinion Instability |
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Definition
| preferences are dependent on "considerations" in a person's head at any given point in time. No such thing as public opinion, just attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| People who don't know what they want average out, assumes a one hump model of policy |
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Term
| Political sources of Opinion Change |
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Definition
Media Influence
Politicians |
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Term
| General Features of Nominating Process |
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Definition
-early primaries and caucuses are important
-momentum plays a huge role
-experts tend to agree recruiting of candidates is flawed in american system |
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Term
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Definition
Sincere voting
Sophisticated voting |
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Term
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Definition
-we put too much importance on elections
-people can participate in government other ways
-candidates run against government, but then have to govern within it once they arrive in office
-elections set direction but provide no detail |
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Term
| Basic concerns of public policy |
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Definition
-what is public policy?
-what are the components of a policy?
-who makes policy?
-how does policy change over time?
-what spurs policy change? |
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Term
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Definition
1. Problem Identification: media, social movements, interest groups etc.
2. Agenda Setting: which problems will get attention (Public v. Governmental agenda)
3. Formulation: formulate solutions
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation, then start over |
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Term
| Theories of Policy Change |
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Definition
Garbage Can Model
Incrementalism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Advocacy Coalition Framework
Institutional Rational Choice
Path Dependency |
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Term
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Definition
| -start throwing things at the wall until something sticks; maybe the solution comes before the problem; Three Streams: Problems, Policies, Politics |
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Term
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Definition
| policy changes incrementally with minor adjustments on existing policies |
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Term
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Definition
| policy change oscillates between long periods of incrementalism and short periods of rapid change |
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Term
| Advocacy Coalition Framework |
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Definition
| policy change occurs because people's beliefs about the world change, as a result of information |
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Term
| Institutional Rational Choice |
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Definition
| policy change occurs as a result of the development of institutions and alteration of institutional rules |
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Term
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Definition
| past policy directions structure future choices, constrains future agenda, policy change layers on past policy choices |
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Term
| Economic Policy in US, key ideas |
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Definition
Capitalism
Laissez-faire Orientation
Mixed Economy
Unemployment Rate (structural vs. frictional)
Consumer Price Index
Gross Domestic Product |
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Term
| 2 Types of Polices (Affecting Economy) |
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Definition
Monetary Policy (concern is to check inflation)
Fiscal Policy (concern is economic growth and performance) |
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Term
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Definition
Structural: permanent unemployment
Frictional: occurs when economy transitions and leaves people out of work |
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Term
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Definition
| the government calculation of what is required for you to live every month |
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Term
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Definition
Federal Reserve: controls interest rates, reserve requirements
Treasury Department: buying and selling US bonds
Controls how much money is in the market
FDIC (federal deposit insurance corp)
SEC (security and exchange commission |
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Term
| Major Actors in Fiscal Policy |
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Definition
President
Congress (HR)
Ways and Means Committee (HR), budget comm.
Office of Management and Budget (OMB, Congressional Budget Office (CBO) |
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Term
| Perspectives on Fiscal Policy |
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Definition
Supply-side economics: give money to businesses
Demand-side economics: give money to people who will buy |
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Term
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Definition
Government spending stimulates economic activity
Deficits stimulate economic activity
Gov. should increase spending and run deficits in short run, during recessions
Gov. should decrease spending and run surpluses in good times |
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Term
| Supply Side Economic Management |
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Definition
High tax rates on incomes and capital discourage investment and stunt economic growth
Cut taxes for long term growth |
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Term
| Types of Social Welfare Policies |
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Definition
1. Entitlement programs
2. Means-tested programs
3. Progressive v. Regressive Taxes
4. Earned income tax credit
5. Transfer payments |
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Term
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Definition
Social Security Act 1935
Lyndon B Johnson "War on Poverty" (extended welfare to housing and healthcare)
Reagan: cut welfare rolls; attitudes became race-coded
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act |
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Term
| Major Players of Public Risk Policy |
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Definition
Department of Homeland Security
Federal Emergency Management Agency
United States Coast Goard
Transportation Safety Administration
Immigration and Customs Enforcement
Department of Energy
Department of Defense
Centers for Disease Control |
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Term
| Problems of Managing Risk |
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Definition
Domestic Security v. Disaster Preparedness
Detection v. Response v. Mitigation
What is the real threat?
By definition, performance will be poor if the event happens; conversely, evaluation of performance will be poor if the event does not occur |
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