Term
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Definition
| evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendement cannot be used against you |
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Term
| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) |
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Definition
the Supreme Court held American citizens enjoy a penumbral right to privace, i.e., an implied right to privacy
Justice William O. Douglas argued that the 3rd, 4th, and 5th amendments suggested a zone of privacy |
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Term
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Definition
| the Supreme Court held American citizens enjoy a penumbral right to privace, i.e., an implied right to privacy |
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Term
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Definition
| the Supreme Court held that government aid to religious schools is constitutional only it meets the criteria of the Lemon Test |
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Term
| Criteria of the Lemon Test |
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Definition
| (1) the government action must have a secular purpose, (2) its effect should neither advance nor inhibit religion and (3) it does not lead to excessive entanglement with religion. |
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Term
| Palko v. Connecticut (1937) |
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Definition
| the Supreme Court refused to incorporate double jeopardy (Fifth Amendment) on the basis that it is not a right that is “implicit in the concept of ordered liberty.” |
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Term
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Definition
| the Supreme Court argued that gays are “entitled to respect for their private lives” out of reach of the state |
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Term
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
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Definition
| "separate but equal" train cars and other facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment’s equal protection clause. |
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Term
| Smith v. Allwright (1944) |
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Definition
| the Court deemed Texas's use of "white primary" elections uncostitutional |
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Term
| Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) |
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Definition
| court ruled against race-based restrictive covenants in housing |
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Term
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Definition
| Court rejeced Texas's claim that its "law school for Negroes" constituted an equal legal education for its white and black citizens |
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Term
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
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Definition
| "...in the field of public education the doctrine of 'separate but equal' has no place." |
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Term
| Article I, Section 8, expressly authorizes Congress to |
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Definition
-Lay and collect taxes
-Allocate government spending
-Regulate interstate commerce |
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Term
| In foreign policy, Congress can |
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Definition
-Declare war
-Raise and regulate the army and navy
-Approve treaties and appointments of ambassadors (Senate only) |
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Term
| What's peculiar about the Korean War? |
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Definition
| It was not declared by Congress |
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Term
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Definition
1. Representation
2. Legislation
3. Competing in the separation of powers |
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Term
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Definition
2 senators per state 2(50) = 100
435 Representatives
435 + 100 = 535 |
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Term
| sociological representation |
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Definition
| a type of representation in which representatives share the racial, ethnic, religious, or educational backgrounds of their constituents |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of representation in which representatives are accountable to constituents through elections |
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Term
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Definition
-Fundraising advantages
-Name recognition
-Office advantages
-Pork barrel legislation and patronage |
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Term
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Definition
deals with specific projects and
their location within a particular congressional district.
appropriations made by legislative bodies for local projects that are often not needed but that are created to help representatives win re-election |
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Term
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Definition
the powers and resources
available to government officials that are used to favor supporters |
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Term
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Definition
Congress is also organized by a system of standing committees that propose, research, and write legislation.
Committees enjoy influence due to:
Legislative expertise
Jurisdiction over policy areas
Procedural advantages over the committee’s legislation |
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Term
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Definition
| committees formed of members of the House and Senate to collect information and hold hearings |
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Term
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Definition
| committees created of House and Senate members to reconcile differences between House and Senate versions of bills |
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Term
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Definition
unofficial groups of representatives
or senators sharing similar interests or opinions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the rights don't threaten other rights |
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Term
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Definition
| no state can mess with the rights given by the Bill of Rights |
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Definition
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