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Government Exam 4
Caitlyn's set
50
Other
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2012

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Term

When did Alex de Tocqueville tour the USA?

Definition
He toured in 1831 and 1832
Term

What happens to political participation in totalitarian systems?

Definition
Political Participation is severely limited and most of the time forbidden and punishable
Term

Define Interest Group

Definition
Interest group- a group of likeminded individuals who band together to influence public policy, public opinion, or governmental officials. (Ch.12)
Term

How do interest groups “educate” the public?

Definition
Inform public about issues through research, congressional testimonies, and public reactions
Term

What has happened to the number of interest groups since the 1960s?

Definition
The number of interest groups has increased, because as the population increases so do the amount of interest groups.
Term

The rise of TV has caused what to happen to the cost of campaigns?

Definition
It made campaigns more expensive.
Term

Why is money so important in politics?

Definition
Decline of Party Organizations, More Voters Up for Grabs, TV, and Campaign Consultants
Term

How do interest groups shape public opinion?

Definition
Interest groups shape public opinion by using the media, staging demonstrations and protests, and using outside lobbying.
Term
Define Think Tank
Definition
Think tank- a group of individual who conduct research in a particular subject or a particular area of public policy. Ex American Enterprise Institution and Heritage Foundation (Ch.12)
Term

What did de Tocqueville say about Americans?

Definition
He said Americans had a stronger tendency to join together to solve problems, articulate collective interest, and form social relationships, and he believed collective action was ESSENTIAL because it allowed likeminded people to come together and act with greater strength.
Term

Define Term Limits

Definition
laws stipulating the maximum number of terms that an elected official may serve in a particular office. (Ch.13)
Term

Define Political Action Committee (PAC)

Definition
a political organization created to raise and spend money to influence electoral outcomes. (Ch.13)
Term

What is the case of Buckley v. Valeo about?

Definition
First a law was issued that limited how much money candidates could spend, how much a group could give to them, and how much political parties could give. Buckley disagreed saying it violated the 1st amendment and the Supreme Court agreed with him. However, the court still limits how much an individual/ group can give.
Term

What was unusual about the 2000 Presidential election?

Definition
In 2000 Al Gore had the majority vote but because of recounting of the electoral colleges votes in Florida his opponent George W. Bush won the election with the least possible electoral votes (271).
Term

Has the Electoral Vote always matched the Popular Vote?

Definition
No.
Term

Define Open Primary System

Definition
Open primary system- a primary election process in which voters are allowed to cast ballots in the primary election w/out declaring which party they are voting for [you declare your affiliation that day]. (Ch. 13)
Term
Define Closed Primary System
Definition
Closed primary system- a primary election process in which only registered members of the party are allowed to cast ballots. [Roughly half the states use this system and it is more restricted]. (Ch.13)
Term
Who developed the 1st real Political Parties?
Definition
Jefferson and Adams
Term
What amendment abolished the Poll Tax?
Definition
The 24th amendment in 1964.
Term
Who determines residency and registration requirements?
Definition
The individual states.
Term
What has happened to voter turnout lately?
Definition
Voter turnout has decreased compared to voting in the 1960's.
Term

Define Incumbent Advantage?

Definition
the various factors that favor officeholders running for reelection over their challengers. (Ch.13)
Term

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 do?

Definition
The federal govt. can oversee elections if there is evidence of fraud
-a federal statute that outlawed discriminatory voting practices, such as literacy tests, that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans (Ch.13)
Term

Define Motor Voter Law

Definition
Motor voter law- when you get your license you check a little box and it registers you to vote if you are 18. A law passed by Congress in 1993 designed to make it easier for Americans to register to vote. (Ch.13)
Term

What is the difference between Collective and Individual Political Participation?

Definition
Collective Political Participation involves interest groups and lobbying as opposed to individual political participation which is when you make your own decisions by yourself.
Term

Define Party Platform

Definition
The viewpoints a party supports.
Term

What President warned us about Political Parties? 

Definition
George Washington warned us, and he thought we should stay united.
Term

Name the first 2 political parties in America.

Definition
Democratic-Republican: Jefferson
Federalist: Adams
Term

Why was the Direct Primary System established?

Definition
To open the election up to more people.
Term

Primary Election Voters tend to be more what?

Definition
Primary election voters tend to be more ideological in their political orientation than the general public.
Term

Why was the Direct Primary System established?

Definition
To open the election up to more people.
Term

What happens if no candidate receives a majority of the electoral votes?

Definition
Then the decision will be up to the House of Representatives
Term

What amendment dropped the voting age to 18?

Definition
The 26th amendment.
Term

What restriction on voting went away very early in America’s history?

Definition
The first restriction that went away was the religion restriction.
Term

What happens to interest groups with more money?

Definition
Interest groups with resources have many advantages such as: hiring the best lobbyist and workers and they can make large campaign contributions.
Term

Define Grassroots Lobbying and Define Professional Lobbying

 

 

Definition
Grassroots Lobbying (outside lobbying)- activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and interest and to pressure officials. (Ch.12)
Professional Lobbying (inside lobbying)- when people go to the people in power (mayor) and professionally trying to convince them of one’s desires
Term

Who was Cesar Chavez?

Definition
Cesar Chavez- formed an interest group called National Farmer Workers Association (with migrant farm workers involved).
Term

Define Boycott

Definition
A coordinated action by many people who agree not to buy a specific product, use a specific service, or shop at a specific store until a policy is changed.
Term

Define Outside Lobbying and Define Inside Lobbying

Definition
Outside lobbying - activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and interest and to pressure officials. (Ch.12)
Inside lobbying- appealing directly to lawmakers and legislative staff either in meetings, by providing research and information, or by testifying at committee hearings. (Ch.12)
Term

Define Public Interest Group

Definition
Citizen organization that advocates issues of public good, such as protection of the environment. Ex Environmentalist Sierra Club (Ch.12)
Term

What kind of interest group is the U.S. Chamber of Commerce?

Definition
Business Group
Term

Give examples of a public interest group

Definition
example- N.A.A.C.P
Term

Define Free Rider problem in relation to interest groups

Definition
Someone who takes advantage of a membership system, but who doesn’t pay.
Term

What did the National Labor Relations Act do?

Definition
The National Labor Relations Act is a 1935 United States federal law that limits the means with which employers may react to workers in the private sector who create labor unions (also known as trade unions), engage in collective bargaining, and take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
Term

What is the History of American Political Parties?

Definition
Read pages xviii through I-14 or go to www.20b.org for further information.
Term

Who was the Founding Father who supported the “little guy”?

Definition
Thomas Jefferson
Term

Who was the Founding Father who supported the “wealthy”?

Definition
Alexander Hamilton
Term

Roots of the modern democratic and republican parties?

Definition
The roots of the democrats are the democratic republicans.
The roots of the republicans are the federalists.
Term

What issue caused a major split in the parties in the 1860s?

Definition
The issue of slavery.
Term

What President and Vice President caused the 12th Amendment to be written?

Definition
President Thomas Jefferson and Vice President John Quincy Adams caused the 12th Amendment to be written.
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