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Definition
| each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample |
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Definition
| polling orgs. Predetermine characteristics of the needed sample and find respondents w/ those characteristics, results not as good |
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Definition
| difference between sample’s results and result if entire population had been sampled |
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Definition
| speed w/ which a person’s opinion changes |
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Definition
| People are socialized most by |
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Term
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Definition
| Organized group of individuals who share common goals or objectives who attempt to influence policymakers in all 3 branches of govt |
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Definition
| this group Advocate interests of collective, overall community |
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Definition
| this group has Narrowly focused topics (abortion, gun control, etc) |
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Definition
| this group Promotes economic interests |
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Definition
| Represent working class interests |
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Term
| Professional Interest Groups |
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Definition
| this groups is made up of Doctors, lawyers |
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Term
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Definition
| Meeting officials and attempting to convince of your position on an issue |
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Definition
| Scoring legislators based on votes and making constituents aware of score |
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Term
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Definition
| Providing workers for political campaigns is a form of this |
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Term
| Political Action Committee (PAC) |
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Definition
| this groups Raises money and gives donations on behalf of organizations to political candidates or parties |
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Term
| Indirect Interest Group Strategies |
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Definition
Generating Public Pressure,
Using constituents as lobbyists, and
Building alliances w/ other groups that share similar goals are all forms of this |
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Term
| Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 |
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Definition
| provided public disclosure by lobbyists, defined a lobbyist as someone that recieved $ to influence legislation |
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Term
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Definition
this Made Legislative Reorganization Act legal,
Defined a lobbyist as someone who spends 20% time lobbying and
Required lobbyists to register and file reports on activities |
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Term
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Definition
| this is a Group of activists who organize to win elections, operate govt. and determine public policy |
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Term
| Political Party Functions |
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Definition
Recruit candidates for public offices,
Organize and run elections,
Present alternative policies to electorate,
Accept responsibility for operating govt., and
Act as organized opposition to party in power |
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Term
| Reasons we have a 2 party system |
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Definition
Historical foundation of system,
Self perpetuation of parties,
Common views among Americans,
Winner take all electoral system, and
State and federal laws favor this system |
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Term
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Definition
| this congressman's term lasts 6 years |
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Term
| Represenative's term length |
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Definition
| this congressman's length of term is 2 years |
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Term
| Election by plurality example |
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Definition
| 3 run for seat in house, 1 gets 40% of vote, other 2 get 30% of vote, 40% guy wins even though 60% of electorate didn’t want him in office, this encourages 2 party system - what is this an example of? |
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Term
| Proportional Representation |
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Definition
Divides seats in Parliament based on popular vote,
If there are 100 seats and a party gets 20% of the vote, they get 20 seats for ppl from their party, encourages multi-party system
Drawback is substantial fragmentation, hard to get all parties to agree on issues and get things done |
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Term
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Definition
| Closed meeting of party leaders to select party candidates or to decide on policy, are rare nowadays |
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Term
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Definition
| Statewide primary election of delegates to a party’s national convention to help a party determine its presidential nominee, used more nowadays |
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Term
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Definition
| only members of that party can vote, used often nowadays |
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Term
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Definition
| any voter can vote, used rarely |
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Term
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Definition
| voter can vote for candidates of more than one party |
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Term
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Definition
| if no candidate receives a majority of votes, top 2 candidates must have a run-off |
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Term
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Definition
| Redrawing political districts in order to favor a political party |
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Term
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Definition
| Fewer citizens feel involved enough in community to be interested in voting, this is called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| people choose not to inform themselves on issues because they don’t believe their vote will be a deciding factor, this is called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative and long campaigns drive voters away, this called what? |
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Term
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Definition
| Election where there is a significant swing in party control, example is when south went from democratic to republican in 1960 Nixon election |
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Term
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Definition
| Election where party support is spread out where it used to be solid |
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Term
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Definition
| Party control stays same in areas |
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Term
| Characteristics of 21st Century Campaigns (list) |
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Definition
Longer
More expensive
Political party less emphasized
Greater reliance on political consultants (devise campaign strategy)
Greater emphasis on candidate visibility and name recognition
Greater use of polls and focus groups |
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Term
| Federal Corrupt Practices Act of 1925 |
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Definition
| this limited election expenses for candidates, required disclosures, ineffective due to too many loopholes |
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Term
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Definition
| this stopped groups from spending $3million in a campaign, limited individual contributions to committees to $5K, designed to end influence peddling |
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Term
| Federal Election Campaign Act of 1972 |
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Definition
| this restricted mass media expenditures, limited contributions by candidate and family members, required disclosure of all contributions over $100, provided $1 voluntary check-off for prez campaigns on fed. income tax form |
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Term
| Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974 |
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Definition
| this created Federal Election Commission, provided public financing of prez elections |
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Term
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Definition
| this declared 1972 limitation on what an individual could spend on own campaign unconstitutional, considered free speech |
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Term
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Definition
| money given directly to campaign, documented in campaign finance |
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Term
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Definition
| money given to party organizations to promote positions, etc. not documented in campaign finance |
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Term
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Definition
| unregulated funds spent by individuals or interest groups on advertising or other campaign activities taht are not coordinated w/ any candidate expenditures |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of adding together maximum individual contributions and presenting them to the candidate together to maximize their impact |
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Term
| Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 |
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Definition
| this banned self $ contributions to natl. party committees, placed limitations on issue-advocacy ads, increased individual contributions from $1K to $2K |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as money set aside as an exemption from rules, $10K maximum from individuals have to prove it is being used specifically for voter registration and get out the vote drives |
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Term
| Mcconnell v. Federal Election Commission (FEC) (2003) |
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Definition
| this challenged Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Act, act was upheld and FEC won |
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Term
| the candidates have limit on spending |
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Definition
| What happens if candidates for prez campaign accept public funds? |
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