Term
| What are positive externalities? |
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Definition
| benefits created by a public good that are shared by the primary consumer of the good and by society more generally |
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Term
| example of a positive externality? |
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Definition
| education. you benefit from your colllege education in terms of the experience you gain, and society benefits from your education as well |
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Term
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Definition
| services or actions that, once provided to one person become available to everyone. government is needed to provide public goods |
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Term
| What is an example of a public good? |
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Definition
| protecting the environment; a light house |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of like-minded people who try to influence the government. American government is set up to avoid domination by any one of these groups |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was the free rider problem? |
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Definition
| the incentive to benefit from others' work without contributing that leads individuals in a collective action situation to refuse to work together |
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Term
| What is the "Citizens United vs. Federal Election Commission"? |
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Definition
| a supreme court case where the citizen united group wanted to air a film critical of hillary clinton and advertise the film during televison broadcasts. The court ruled that this violated the first amendment |
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Term
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Definition
| the time between the release of information and its publication, like the twenty four hours between issues of a daily newspaper |
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Term
| What is a collective action problem? |
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Definition
| a situation in which the members of a group would benefit by working together to produce some outcome, but each individual is better off refusing to cooperatie and reaping benefits from those who do the work |
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Term
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Definition
| super political action committee; they may not make contributions to candidate campaigns or parties, but may engage in unlimited political spending indepently of the campaigns |
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Term
| What are wire services? What first made these possible? |
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Definition
| an organization that gathers news and sells it other media outlets. The invention of the telegraph in the early 1800s made this type of service possible |
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Term
| What was the first wire service? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is media concentration? |
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Definition
| the trend toward single company ownership of several media sources in one area |
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Term
| What is an example of a media concentration? |
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Definition
| clear channel communications owns multiple AM and FM radio stations in over thirty different cities |
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Term
| What is the Telecommunications Act o 1996? |
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Definition
| gave the Federal Communications Commission the power to revise all of the ownership and content restrictions enacted over the last two generations |
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Term
| What did the fairness doctrine say? How long did it last? |
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Definition
| the fairness doctrine was a Federal Communications Commission regulation requiring broadcast media to present several points of view to ensure balanced coverage. it was created in the late 1940s and eliminated in 1987 |
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Term
| What is the citizens united organization? |
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Definition
| conservative non-profit organization in the united states; they try to restore the government to"citizen's control" |
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Term
| What are media conglomerates? |
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Definition
| companies that control a large number of media sources across several types of media outlets |
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Term
| What is an example of a media conglomerate? |
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Definition
| ABC, NBC, CBS, and Fox are all part of larger companies that own many other broadcast and cable stations, movie production and distribution companies, etc. |
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Term
| What is the equal time provision? |
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Definition
| a Federal Communications Commission regulartion requiring broadcast media to provide equal airtime on any non-news programming to all candidates running for an office |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence on public opinion that results from journalists' and editors' decisions about which of many potential news stories to report |
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Term
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Definition
| the influence on public opinion caused by the way a story is presented or covered, including the details, explanations, and context offered in the report |
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Term
| a system in which each branch of gov. has some power over the other |
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Definition
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Term
| one side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for lower taxes, a free market, and more limited govt; generally associated with the republicans |
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Definition
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Term
| political conflict in the united sates between "red state" americans who tend to have strong religious beliefs and "blue state" americans who tend to be more secular |
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Definition
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Term
| the autonomy of individuals to manage thier own financial decisions without govt interference |
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Definition
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Term
| the division of power across the local, state and national levels of govt |
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Definition
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Term
| an economic system based on competition between businesses without government interference |
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Definition
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Term
| the system for implementing desisions made through the political process |
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Definition
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Term
| a cohesive set of ideas and beliefs used to organize and evaluate the political world |
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Definition
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Term
| one side of the ideological spectrum defined by support for the stronger government programs and more market regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| those who prefer very limited government and therefore tend to be quite conservative on issues such as welfare policy, environmental policy, and public support for education, but very liberal on issues of personal liberty like free speech, abortion, and the legalization of drugs |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that as different racial and ethnic groups come to america , they should assimilate into american culture, leaving their native languages, customs, and traditions behind |
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Definition
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Term
| the process that determines what government does |
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Definition
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Term
| policies, generally favored by democratic politicians, in which taxation is used to attempt to create greater social equlity such as hgiher taxation of th erich to provicde programs for the poor |
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Definition
| redistributive tax policies |
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Term
| the division of government powers across the judicial, executive, and legislative branches |
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Definition
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Term
| a type of increasingly popular media coverage focused on political scandals and controversies, which causes a negative public opinion o f political figures |
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Definition
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Term
| commmunications technologies, such as television, and radio, that transmit information over airwaves |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that many americans acquire political information unintentionally rather than by seeking it out |
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Definition
| by-product theory of information transmission |
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Term
| the trend toward signle-company ownership of several kinds of media outlets |
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Definition
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Term
| media coverage focused on facts and important issues surrounding a campaign |
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Definition
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Term
| a description of the type of election coverage that focuses more on poll results and speculation about a likely winner than on substantive differences between the candidates |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that supporters of a candiate or issues tend to feel that media coverage is biased against their position, regardless of whether coverage is actually unfair |
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Definition
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Term
| reporters who dig deeply into a particular topic of public concern, often targeting government failures and inefficiencies |
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Definition
| investigative journalists |
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Term
| the release of either classified or politically embarassing information by a government employee to a member of the press |
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Definition
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Term
| media sources that predate the internet, such as newspapers, magazines, television, and radio |
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Definition
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Term
| sources like newspapers, telvesion networks, radio stations, and web sites that provide information to the average citizen |
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Definition
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Term
| the influence of media coverage on average citizens' opinions and actions |
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Definition
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Term
| the idea that media sources will increasingly make their news available online as more people begin using the internet |
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Definition
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Term
| terms describing comments a politician makes to the press on the condition that thye can be reported only if they are not attributed to that politician |
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Definition
| on background or off the record |
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Term
| short for "opinion editorial", this type of article is written by a journlist or guest writer who expresses his or her oopinion on a given issue without necessarily attempting to be objective |
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Definition
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Term
| a term describing reduced-price newspapers sold for one cent in the 1830s, when more efficient printing presses made newspapers available to a larger segment of the population |
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Definition
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Term
| events at which politicans speak to journalists and, in most cases, asnwer their questions afterwards |
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Definition
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Term
| evening hours when television viewship is at its highest and networks often schedule news program |
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Definition
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Term
| the influence on the public's general impressions causes by positive or negative coverage of a candidate or issue |
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Definition
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Term
| legislation, which exisits in some states, but not a the federal level, that gives reporters the right to refuse to name the sources of their information |
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Definition
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Term
| the imbalance in a story that covers one candidate or policy favorably without providing similar coverage of the other side |
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Definition
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Term
| media coverage that aims to entertain or shock, of through sentionalized reporting or by focusing on a candidate or politican's personality |
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Definition
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Term
| a style of newspaper popular in the late 1900s, featuring snetionalized stories, bold headlines, and illustrations in order to increase readership |
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Definition
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