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Government Chapter 4!
terms
25
Political Studies
10th Grade
10/09/2007

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Term
Alien
Definition
person born in one country who lives in a different country without changing his or her citizenship
Term
Bill of Attainder
Definition
A law that permits law enforcement officials to find a person guilty without going through a trial.  Bills of attainder are forbidden by the Constitution.
Term
Citizenship
Definition
the rights and responsibilities of a country's citizens and the protection given to them.  Citizenships is gained by being born in a country or by being born to citizen-parents abroad or by going through a naturalization process.
Term
Double Jeopardy
Definition
trying a person a second time for a crime the person has already been acquitted of.  This practice is prohibited by the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Term
Dual Citizenship
Definition
Citizens of two countries at the same time.
Term
Due Process
Definition
the obligation of the state to observe the laws protecting individual rights before it inflicts punishment of any kind
Term
Equal Protection of the Laws
Definition
the obligation of the state to treat all of its people alike
Term
Ex Post Facto Law
Definition
a law that makes illegal an action that was legal at the time the law was passed.  Such laws are forbidden by the Constitution.
Term
Immunity from Prosecution
Definition
A promise that someone facing possible criminal charges will not be tried for the crime.  In exchange for immunity, the individual usually agrees to cooperate fully with the authorities who are investigating the crime.
Term
Indictment
Definition
A summary of the prosecution's case against a suspect presented to a grand jury, which decides whether the evidence is strong enough to warrant indicting the suspect, or bringing the person to trial.
Term
Libel
Definition

The publication of false statements thtat damage someone's reputation.

Term
Martial Law
Definition
A situation is which constitutional law is suspended and the government is put under military rule.
Term
Naturalization
Definition
The process by which aliens become citizens of a country
Term
Petition
Definition
To ask govenment official for support of a cause or a redress of grievences.  Petitions can be verbal or in writing and can be submitted by an individual or a group.
Term
Picketing
Definition
Combines the right of assembly with the right to petiton, must be done on public property
Term
The Right to Eminent Domain
Definition
The right to live wherever you please
Term
Slander
Definition
Saying something untrue that harms another person's reputation
Term
Treason
Definition
Betrayal of one's country; an action that gives aid and comfort to the enemies of one's country
Term
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Definition

1.  Bring the prisinor into court to be arraigned

2.  Release the Prisoner

3.  Normally not more than two days delay 

Term
The First Amendment
Definition

Freedom of Religion

-No official religion, cannot draft pacifists, no right to violate public safety 

Freedom of Speech

- No Slander, No Libel

Freedom of the Press

-The right to print without government censorship 

Freedom of Assembly and Petition 

-Right to petion  and peasably assemble

Term
Second Amendment
Definition
Right to Bear Arms
Term
The Third Amendment
Definition

-Freedom to own property

-Right of emminent domain

-Just Compensation

-Freedom from DOuble Jeopardy

-Presumed Innocense

-Freedom from Self Incrimination

-Miranda Rights

Term
The Sixth and Seventh Amendment
Definition

-Guarantee of a Jury Trial

-The right to request a speedy and public trial in the city where the crime was commited

-Right to confront a Witness

-Right to Secure a Witness

-Right to Counse

 

Term
The Eighth Amendment
Definition

-Guarantee of Reasonable Bail

-Freedom from Cruel and Unusual Punishment 

Term
The Ninth to Tenth Amendment
Definition
-Limit on the Power of the Federal Government
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