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Definition
An officer arrested Hardwick under Georgia's law against sodomy. Hardwick filed suit and won, but Georgia appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court, overturned the decision, holding that "the federal Constitution confers no fundamental right upon homosexuals to engage in sodomy," and that there was no reason to invalidate "the laws of the many states that still make such conduct illegal and have done so for a very long time."
Ch 4, The Right to Privacy, Homosexuality, pg. 140-142 |
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Term
| Political Status of Native Americans |
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Definition
Left unclear in the Constitution. By the early 19th century, the courts had made each tribe a separate nation. This also declared Native Americans to be noncitizens of the US. In 1924, legislation granted citizenship to all persons born in the US. Changes in policy toward Native Americans during the 1930 allowed a resurgence of political power. The most important change was the decision to encourage NA's on reservations to establish local self-government.
Ch. 5, The Universalization of Civil Rights, Native Americans, pg. 178 |
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Term
| United States v. Wong Kim Ark |
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Definition
| The Supreme Court found that anyone born in the US was entitled to full citizenship. However, new Chinese immigrants were barred from the US until 1943 after Congress repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. |
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Term
| Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 |
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Definition
Forbids gender discrimination in education, but initially was farely ineffective because of its weak enforcement provisions. This changed in 1992 when the Court ruled that monetary damages could be awarded for gender discrimination.
Ch. 5, The Universalization of Civil Rights, Women and Gender Discrimination, pg. 172 |
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Term
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Definition
A practice in which banks refuse to make loans to people living in certain geographic locations.
The Struggle for Civil Rights, The Civil Rights Acts, Housing, pg. 170 |
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