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| how many times the constitution has been amended |
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| In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed |
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| he distribution of power in an organization (such as a government) between a central authority and the constituent |
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| All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside |
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| source of civil liberties |
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| a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention |
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| the best way to represent a population. In order to obtain a random sample for a political poll |
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| federal election campaign act |
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| the primary United States federal law regulating political campaign spending and fundraising. |
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| public financing requirements |
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| require the candidate to accept public money for his or her campaign in exchange for a promise to limit both how much the candidate spends on the election and how much they receive in donations from any one group or individual. |
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| contributions made in such a way as to avoid the United States regulations for federal election campaigns |
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| US constitutional law Supreme Court case on campaign finance. A majority of judges held that limits on election spending in the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 ยง608 are unconstitutional |
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| t Congress is responsible for adopting legislation, which must be signed by the President to become law, that determines its salary |
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| number of members in each house |
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| 535 Members of Congress. 100 serve in the U.S. Senate and 435 serve in the U.S. House of Representatives. |
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| incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage in elections: a large staff, both in Washington and at home, whose jobs focus on helping constituents |
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| Rules Committee, for example, has significant power to determine which bills will be brought to the floor of the House for consideration and whether amendments will be allowed on a bill |
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| political procedure where one or more members of parliament or congress debate over a proposed piece of legislation so as to delay or entirely prevent a decision being made on the proposal |
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| the only formal procedure that Senate rules provide for breaking a filibuster |
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President pro tempore to serve as the leader of the body when the President of the Senate (the Vice President) is absent.
Speaker of the house |
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| standing and sub committees |
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standing committee: a permanent committee that meets regularly
Sub Committee:a committee composed of some members of a larger committee, board, or other body and reporting to it. |
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| a committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representatives and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill. |
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| a small legislative committee appointed for a special purpose |
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| a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature. |
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introduces
house votes (majority)
Senate Votes (majority)
Presitent signs or vetos |
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| The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive departments |
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| an agreement between the heads of government of two or more nations that has not been ratified by the legislature as treaties are ratified |
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| a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress |
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| the official power to make legal decisions and judgments |
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| number of district/ court of appeals |
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| There are 94 district courts and |
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| President of the United States to nominate Supreme Court Justices and, with Senate confirmation |
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| impeachment by the House of Representatives followed by conviction by the Senate |
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| an appellate court decides to review a case at its discretion. The word certiorari comes from Law Latin and means "to be more fully informed." A writ of certiorari orders a lower court to deliver its record in a case so that the higher court may review it. |
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| a custom whereby presidential appointments are confirmed only if there is no objection to them by the senators from the appointee's state, especially from the senior senator of the president's party from that state. |
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| any act, decision, or case that serves as a guide or justification for subsequent situations |
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| non-partisan commission reviews candidates for a judicial vacancy. The commission then sends to the governor a list of candidates considered best qualified. The governor then has sixty days to select a candidate from the list. If the governor does not make a selection within sixty days, the commission makes the selection |
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| pendleton civil service act |
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| established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. |
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| prohibits employees in the executive branch of the federal government, except the president, vice-president, and certain designated high-level officials from engaging in some forms of political activity. |
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| a model of bureaucracy developed by the German sociologist Max Weber, who viewed bureaucracies as rationsl, hierarchical organizations in which power flows from the top downward and decisions are based on logical reasoning and data analysis |
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| the power to control appointments to office or the right to privileges |
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| they have a distinct legal form and they are established to operate in commercial affairs. |
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