Term
| what are stereotypes for(2)? |
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Definition
| cognitive shortcut, used to make generalizations |
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Term
| What are the types of stereotypes/racism(4)? |
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Definition
| individual, institutional, overt, covert |
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Term
| What are the problems with stereotypes? |
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Definition
| race is socially constructed, basedon small amount of info, easily manipulated if know little |
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Term
| What are the democratic expectations of mass media? |
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Definition
| Surveillance of sociopolitical environment, Meaningful agenda setting (telling us whats most important), Platforms for advocacy, Dialogue across diverse range of views, Mechanisms for holding officials accountable, Incentives for citizens to learn about politics, A principled resistance, A sense of respect |
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Term
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Definition
| Socially constructed, Based on sense of biology thought it inheritable, Sense that each race is distinguishable and has finite differences from another |
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Term
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Definition
| stigmatizing of differences in order to justify economic, political, cultural, or psychological advantages or abuses of power. Its a system of structural inequalities or historical processes that are both created and recreated through routine practices. |
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Term
| What is a racial ideology? |
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Definition
| system of beliefs that reinforce and reproduce assumptions about individuals belonging to a particular racial group |
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Term
| What is race consciousness? |
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Definition
| recognition that youre part of a group, Politicized racial identity, Extent that your groups identity is due to structure, not to individual people, How hostile you are to another group, Correct way to beat inequality is through political action/means |
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Term
| What is the source of internalized racism? |
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Definition
| Taking in the negative messages of overt and covert racism, superiority, inferiority, and white privilege, Ex : American Indians and Andrew Jacksons Indian removal, Or African Americans and the slave trade/police brutality |
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Term
| What are the models of mass media (5)? |
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Definition
| objective reporter, neutral adversary, public advocate, profit seeker, propagandist |
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Term
| Types of gov. news coverage? |
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Definition
| full control, patrial control, uncontrolled |
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Term
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Definition
| surveillance (private and public), interpretation (context/consequences), socialization (values/orientations) |
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Term
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Definition
| surveillance, agenda-setting, platforms for advocacy, diverse views, accountability mechanism, incentivizes citizens, principled resistance to control of media, sense of respect |
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Term
| What is content analysis of newsmaking? |
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Definition
| systematically analyze media, over time, identify patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| Small # of journalists have final choice over stories |
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Term
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Definition
| Follows same people, action packed/oriented, info-tainment, support for establishment |
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Term
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Definition
| Investigative journalism, contributes to cynicism |
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Term
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Definition
| Less people run for office, stories displaced, less check on background of news stories, no time to compare merits of stories, politicians can control some parts of news |
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Term
| Methods of controlling the news |
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Definition
| Legal (falsity), normative (social norms), structural (control via news structure), economic (boycott) |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop between sender, message, channel, receiver. Message obscured by noise, diff. messages, info sent by channels |
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Term
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Definition
| TV, internet, radio, newspapers - technological tools used to transmit the messages of mass media |
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Term
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Definition
| society wide communication process, uses tech, large audience, most not known to sender, widespread use of messages |
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Term
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Definition
| orgs that give elected reps the opinions of mass public (i.e. political org, media, interest group) |
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Term
| Areas of Communication Research |
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Definition
| campaign (aggressive activities for purpose), Social reality/norms (unplanned/unconscious effect), immediate response/reaction, institutional change (social institutions conform to media norms), socialization (basic orientation towards political system) |
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Term
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Definition
| creating a list of important events/issues, listed in order of importance. Media use to cover news |
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Term
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Definition
| The media setting which issues/traits individuals use to evaluate political figures |
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Term
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Definition
| Presenting/conceptualizing issues/event/idea associated with another |
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Term
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Definition
| episodic (discrete events), thematic (context of politics), ethical (shared values), material (economics aspects) |
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Term
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Definition
| how individuals acquire basic orientation towards society/towards political system |
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Term
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Definition
| factual info from school, tv programs, depends on age/reasoning skills/attention span |
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Term
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Definition
| learn from many sources, constant over time, learned thru childhood, largely stable, continuously updated |
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Term
| Racial minorities in media |
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Definition
| primetime TV is historically white middle class, means it's what's normal |
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Term
| Unequal racial appearances in media means |
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Definition
| misunderstandings between races, perceptions of races accrue, demeaning stereotypes of minorities |
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Term
| Phases of treatement of non-white groups in entertainment media |
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Definition
| exclusionary (not mentioned), threatening issue (minority is threat), confrontation, stereotypical selection (put in place), multicultural (accurate acceptance) |
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Term
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Definition
| plantation genre, contemporary revisionist images of slavery, blaxploitation (shaft), Hollywood Conservative backlish (exclusionary), resurgent boom of black films |
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Term
| Stereotypes/patterns of racial/ethnic minorities in entertainment media |
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Definition
| slow to gain acceptance, related to world events, protests, political action |
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Term
| African American stereotypes |
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Definition
| subservient, sexual, incomplete |
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Term
| African American subservient stereotypes |
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Definition
| mammies (large/asexual/caring servant), toms (good/submissive/selfless), coons (comedy/lazy/troublesome) |
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Term
| African American sexual stereotypes |
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Definition
| black bucks (challengers to white authority), pimps, whores, hypersexed, violent, animalistic |
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Term
| African American incomplete stereotypes |
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Definition
| mulattoes (children of black/white), man-children (adults that are still children), matriarchs (overbearing mothers that dote on children) |
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Term
| Native American stereotypes |
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Definition
| lumping, good Indian, Bad Indian, Degrading Indian, Old Custerism, New Custerism |
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Term
| Native American Good Indian stereotpyes |
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Definition
| helpers (nature, knowledge), victims (honorable, brave victim of racism) |
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Term
| Native American Bad Indian stereotype |
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Definition
| Sadistic warriers (love scalping) |
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Term
| Native American Degrading Indian stereotype |
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Definition
| Depict Indians as week, unsuccessful, mentally deficient, chemically dependent people |
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Term
| Old Custerism v New Custerism |
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Definition
| Old - US soliders good, natives bad, new - US Soliders bad, natives good |
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Term
| Most underrepresented minority |
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Definition
| Native Americans, then Latinos |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Violent villain (El bandito), Bufoon/simpleton (Cheech/Chong), Latino Lover (Zorro) |
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Term
| Female Latina stereotypes |
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Definition
| Half breed harlot, female clown (beautiful but only comic relief), dark lady (mysterious, virginal, out of reach) |
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Term
| Asian American stereotypes |
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Definition
| homogenize the Asian and Asian American. "Model" minority, but "yellow peril" before |
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Term
| Types of Asian American stereotypes |
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Definition
| Yellow peril (WW2, Vietnam), China dolls (subservient/eager), Dragon Ladies (manipulate/scheme), Asexual helper (subservient houseboy), Nerd/geek (smart but no social life), Mystics (magic, peace) |
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Term
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Definition
| Las Angeles 12 family council that rates films, created to restore favorable image to motion picture business |
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Term
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Definition
| G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17, NR |
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Term
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Definition
| Purpose to investigate cause of 1967 race riots in US, by PRes. JOhnson. Found white/black separate but equal |
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Term
| Kerner Commission Report recommendations |
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Definition
| more blacks with editorial/managerial responsibilities, publish stories about blacks, ads incorporate more blacks, equality/balnace, COULDn'T enforce |
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Term
| US Commission on Civil Rights |
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Definition
| all media held to same standard, implication - FCC failed to accurately represent minorities, representation of minorities improves if hired in key decision making positions, set standard for analysis of demographics for TV |
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Term
| Race/Power of an Illusion |
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Definition
| race is not biological construct, it is social. ancestors are more different between people of same race than people of opposite races |
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Term
| Obama's Cleveland, Ohio Speech |
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Definition
| watch it, focused on economy, hiring jobs |
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Term
| There is no biological evidence supporting categorization of people into racial groups |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we make race distinctions? |
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Definition
| allows us to make decisions via stereotypes, easily manipulte to serve ourselves |
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Term
| Three problems associated with use of stereotypes |
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Definition
| Based on small amount of info, easily manipulated, no real facts |
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Term
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Definition
| system of beliefs that reproduce assumptions about individuals belonging to particular racial group |
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Term
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Definition
| recognition that you're part of a group. due to politicized racial identity/belief that your groups' destiny is due to structure, no any individual's acts |
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Term
| Difference between prejudice & descrimination |
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Definition
| prejudice is a judgement, descrimination is action take based on the judgement |
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Term
| What role do media play in political word/why is media system important to democracy? |
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Definition
| Media is linkage institution, surviels government. IMportant to democracy, allows public to be informed about gov to make accurate decisions |
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Term
| Negative consquences of muckraking |
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Definition
| reduces pool of candidates for politics, contributes to cynicism, displaces other newsworthy stories |
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Term
| Three stages/models of media research |
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Definition
| Hypodermic Needle, Minimal Effects, Contingent Effects |
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Term
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Definition
| media effects reach everyone, effects same way, same response |
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Term
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Definition
| media effects suggest message ineffective for most people most of time |
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Term
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Definition
| media likely to influence particular people with particular messages at particular times/contexts |
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Term
| Five areas of extensive communication research/some lessons we've learned? |
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Definition
| Campaign, Def. of social reality/norm, immediate response/reaction, institutional change, socialization |
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Term
| What is campaign communication research? |
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Definition
| aggressive activities for specific response, depends on audience/message/source, content/tone/context |
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Term
| What is def. of social reality/norm in comm. research? |
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Definition
| Media provides a version of reality of facts, norm, values, expectations - unplanned and unconscious |
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Term
| Immediate response/reaction in comm. research? |
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Definition
| Hear message/immediately react, collective responses develop out of individual reception to media |
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Term
| Institutional Change in Comm. research? |
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Definition
| Other social institutions change to correspond to media |
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Term
| Socialization in Comm. Research? |
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Definition
| How individuals acquire basic orientation toward political system, blends old/new info, begins in childhood, matures thru adulthood |
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Term
| How do source, message, audience effect whether media will have impact on viewers? |
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Definition
| source effects credibility, priming/context effects message acceptance, audience education/openness effects impact |
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Term
| Legal, normative, structural, economic methods of controlling news? Limitations? |
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Definition
| laws, i.e. censorship - slow to enact, normative, i.e. social norms - rules can be broken, structural, i.e. licenses - only certain aspects controlled, economic, i.e. public boycotts - weakness include scabs |
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Term
| How to do media meet 'em? How don't they? |
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Definition
| Media present sample of views, ensures some political accountability, linkage, fall short because of conflicts in democratic values, class system, lack of interest in audience, constraints imposed by political/social world |
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Term
| How can media help/hinder socialization process? |
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Definition
| Help: info for adults, excess of info for blending, most effective when know least. Hinder: faulty info, misleading |
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Term
| What predicts whether or not media will have impact on audience? |
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Definition
| age, complex reasoning skills, attention spans, previous knowledge of media topics, memory |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. objective identity, 2. group identity in terms of group destiny, 3. Structured inequality to fight against |
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Term
| Direct/Indirect means of acquiring political knowledge? |
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Definition
| parent vs media, closeness to source |
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