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GOV 312L MM&P Philpot
first exam bull shi'ite
83
Political Studies
Undergraduate 2
10/09/2010

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
what are stereotypes for(2)?
Definition
cognitive shortcut, used to make generalizations
Term
What are the types of stereotypes/racism(4)?
Definition
individual, institutional, overt, covert
Term
What are the problems with stereotypes?
Definition
race is socially constructed, basedon small amount of info, easily manipulated if know little
Term
What are the democratic expectations of mass media?
Definition
Surveillance of sociopolitical environment, Meaningful agenda setting (telling us what’s most important), Platforms for advocacy, Dialogue across diverse range of views, Mechanisms for holding officials accountable, Incentives for citizens to learn about politics, A principled resistance, A sense of respect
Term
How is race constructed?
Definition
Socially constructed, Based on sense of biology – thought it inheritable, Sense that each race is distinguishable and has finite differences from another
Term
What is racism?
Definition
stigmatizing of differences in order to justify economic, political, cultural, or psychological advantages or abuses of power. It’s a system of structural inequalities or historical processes that are both created and recreated through routine practices.
Term
What is a racial ideology?
Definition
system of beliefs that reinforce and reproduce assumptions about individuals belonging to a particular racial group
Term
What is race consciousness?
Definition
recognition that you’re part of a group, Politicized racial identity, Extent that your groups identity is due to structure, not to individual people, How hostile you are to another group, Correct way to beat inequality is through political action/means
Term
What is the source of internalized racism?
Definition
Taking in the negative messages of overt and covert racism, superiority, inferiority, and white privilege, Ex : American Indians and Andrew Jackson’s Indian removal, Or African Americans and the slave trade/police brutality
Term
What are the models of mass media (5)?
Definition
objective reporter, neutral adversary, public advocate, profit seeker, propagandist
Term
Types of gov. news coverage?
Definition
full control, patrial control, uncontrolled
Term
Functions of mass media?
Definition
surveillance (private and public), interpretation (context/consequences), socialization (values/orientations)
Term
Models of newsmaking?
Definition
surveillance, agenda-setting, platforms for advocacy, diverse views, accountability mechanism, incentivizes citizens, principled resistance to control of media, sense of respect
Term
What is content analysis of newsmaking?
Definition
systematically analyze media, over time, identify patterns
Term
Gatekeeping
Definition
Small # of journalists have final choice over stories
Term
Results of gatekeeping
Definition
Follows same people, action packed/oriented, info-tainment, support for establishment
Term
Muckraking Journalism
Definition
Investigative journalism, contributes to cynicism
Term
Results of Muckraking
Definition
Less people run for office, stories displaced, less check on background of news stories, no time to compare merits of stories, politicians can control some parts of news
Term
Methods of controlling the news
Definition
Legal (falsity), normative (social norms), structural (control via news structure), economic (boycott)
Term
SMCR model
Definition
Loop between sender, message, channel, receiver. Message obscured by noise, diff. messages, info sent by channels
Term
Mass Media
Definition
TV, internet, radio, newspapers - technological tools used to transmit the messages of mass media
Term
Mass Communication
Definition
society wide communication process, uses tech, large audience, most not known to sender, widespread use of messages
Term
Linkage Institutions
Definition
orgs that give elected reps the opinions of mass public (i.e. political org, media, interest group)
Term
Areas of Communication Research
Definition
campaign (aggressive activities for purpose), Social reality/norms (unplanned/unconscious effect), immediate response/reaction, institutional change (social institutions conform to media norms), socialization (basic orientation towards political system)
Term
Agenda Setting
Definition
creating a list of important events/issues, listed in order of importance. Media use to cover news
Term
Priming
Definition
The media setting which issues/traits individuals use to evaluate political figures
Term
Framing
Definition
Presenting/conceptualizing issues/event/idea associated with another
Term
Types of frames
Definition
episodic (discrete events), thematic (context of politics), ethical (shared values), material (economics aspects)
Term
Socialization
Definition
how individuals acquire basic orientation towards society/towards political system
Term
Childhood socialization
Definition
factual info from school, tv programs, depends on age/reasoning skills/attention span
Term
Adult socialization
Definition
learn from many sources, constant over time, learned thru childhood, largely stable, continuously updated
Term
Racial minorities in media
Definition
primetime TV is historically white middle class, means it's what's normal
Term
Unequal racial appearances in media means
Definition
misunderstandings between races, perceptions of races accrue, demeaning stereotypes of minorities
Term
Phases of treatement of non-white groups in entertainment media
Definition
exclusionary (not mentioned), threatening issue (minority is threat), confrontation, stereotypical selection (put in place), multicultural (accurate acceptance)
Term
Phases of blacks in film
Definition
plantation genre, contemporary revisionist images of slavery, blaxploitation (shaft), Hollywood Conservative backlish (exclusionary), resurgent boom of black films
Term
Stereotypes/patterns of racial/ethnic minorities in entertainment media
Definition
slow to gain acceptance, related to world events, protests, political action
Term
African American stereotypes
Definition
subservient, sexual, incomplete
Term
African American subservient stereotypes
Definition
mammies (large/asexual/caring servant), toms (good/submissive/selfless), coons (comedy/lazy/troublesome)
Term
African American sexual stereotypes
Definition
black bucks (challengers to white authority), pimps, whores, hypersexed, violent, animalistic
Term
African American incomplete stereotypes
Definition
mulattoes (children of black/white), man-children (adults that are still children), matriarchs (overbearing mothers that dote on children)
Term
Native American stereotypes
Definition
lumping, good Indian, Bad Indian, Degrading Indian, Old Custerism, New Custerism
Term
Native American Good Indian stereotpyes
Definition
helpers (nature, knowledge), victims (honorable, brave victim of racism)
Term
Native American Bad Indian stereotype
Definition
Sadistic warriers (love scalping)
Term
Native American Degrading Indian stereotype
Definition
Depict Indians as week, unsuccessful, mentally deficient, chemically dependent people
Term
Old Custerism v New Custerism
Definition
Old - US soliders good, natives bad, new - US Soliders bad, natives good
Term
Most underrepresented minority
Definition
Native Americans, then Latinos
Term
Latino stereotypes
Definition
Male, female
Term
Male Latino stereotypes
Definition
Violent villain (El bandito), Bufoon/simpleton (Cheech/Chong), Latino Lover (Zorro)
Term
Female Latina stereotypes
Definition
Half breed harlot, female clown (beautiful but only comic relief), dark lady (mysterious, virginal, out of reach)
Term
Asian American stereotypes
Definition
homogenize the Asian and Asian American. "Model" minority, but "yellow peril" before
Term
Types of Asian American stereotypes
Definition
Yellow peril (WW2, Vietnam), China dolls (subservient/eager), Dragon Ladies (manipulate/scheme), Asexual helper (subservient houseboy), Nerd/geek (smart but no social life), Mystics (magic, peace)
Term
MPAA
Definition
Las Angeles 12 family council that rates films, created to restore favorable image to motion picture business
Term
MPAA ratings
Definition
G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17, NR
Term
Kerner Commission Report
Definition
Purpose to investigate cause of 1967 race riots in US, by PRes. JOhnson. Found white/black separate but equal
Term
Kerner Commission Report recommendations
Definition
more blacks with editorial/managerial responsibilities, publish stories about blacks, ads incorporate more blacks, equality/balnace, COULDn'T enforce
Term
US Commission on Civil Rights
Definition
all media held to same standard, implication - FCC failed to accurately represent minorities, representation of minorities improves if hired in key decision making positions, set standard for analysis of demographics for TV
Term
Race/Power of an Illusion
Definition
race is not biological construct, it is social. ancestors are more different between people of same race than people of opposite races
Term
Obama's Cleveland, Ohio Speech
Definition
watch it, focused on economy, hiring jobs
Term
There is no biological evidence supporting categorization of people into racial groups
Definition
ok!
Term
Why do we make race distinctions?
Definition
allows us to make decisions via stereotypes, easily manipulte to serve ourselves
Term
Three problems associated with use of stereotypes
Definition
Based on small amount of info, easily manipulated, no real facts
Term
Race identity is
Definition
system of beliefs that reproduce assumptions about individuals belonging to particular racial group
Term
Race consciousness is
Definition
recognition that you're part of a group. due to politicized racial identity/belief that your groups' destiny is due to structure, no any individual's acts
Term
Difference between prejudice & descrimination
Definition
prejudice is a judgement, descrimination is action take based on the judgement
Term
What role do media play in political word/why is media system important to democracy?
Definition
Media is linkage institution, surviels government. IMportant to democracy, allows public to be informed about gov to make accurate decisions
Term
Negative consquences of muckraking
Definition
reduces pool of candidates for politics, contributes to cynicism, displaces other newsworthy stories
Term
Three stages/models of media research
Definition
Hypodermic Needle, Minimal Effects, Contingent Effects
Term
Hypodermic Needle model
Definition
media effects reach everyone, effects same way, same response
Term
Minimal Effects model
Definition
media effects suggest message ineffective for most people most of time
Term
Contingent Effects model
Definition
media likely to influence particular people with particular messages at particular times/contexts
Term
Five areas of extensive communication research/some lessons we've learned?
Definition
Campaign, Def. of social reality/norm, immediate response/reaction, institutional change, socialization
Term
What is campaign communication research?
Definition
aggressive activities for specific response, depends on audience/message/source, content/tone/context
Term
What is def. of social reality/norm in comm. research?
Definition
Media provides a version of reality of facts, norm, values, expectations - unplanned and unconscious
Term
Immediate response/reaction in comm. research?
Definition
Hear message/immediately react, collective responses develop out of individual reception to media
Term
Institutional Change in Comm. research?
Definition
Other social institutions change to correspond to media
Term
Socialization in Comm. Research?
Definition
How individuals acquire basic orientation toward political system, blends old/new info, begins in childhood, matures thru adulthood
Term
How do source, message, audience effect whether media will have impact on viewers?
Definition
source effects credibility, priming/context effects message acceptance, audience education/openness effects impact
Term
Legal, normative, structural, economic methods of controlling news? Limitations?
Definition
laws, i.e. censorship - slow to enact, normative, i.e. social norms - rules can be broken, structural, i.e. licenses - only certain aspects controlled, economic, i.e. public boycotts - weakness include scabs
Term
How to do media meet 'em? How don't they?
Definition
Media present sample of views, ensures some political accountability, linkage, fall short because of conflicts in democratic values, class system, lack of interest in audience, constraints imposed by political/social world
Term
How can media help/hinder socialization process?
Definition
Help: info for adults, excess of info for blending, most effective when know least. Hinder: faulty info, misleading
Term
What predicts whether or not media will have impact on audience?
Definition
age, complex reasoning skills, attention spans, previous knowledge of media topics, memory
Term
Construction of Race
Definition
1. objective identity, 2. group identity in terms of group destiny, 3. Structured inequality to fight against
Term
Direct/Indirect means of acquiring political knowledge?
Definition
parent vs media, closeness to source
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