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| an organization that promoted Greman immigration to Texas in 1840s |
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| an ecomomic system in which most wealth is derived from use of the land |
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| divisions of the state based on dominant economic activity |
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| minority groups that make up a majority of the population of the state |
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| a system of beliefs and values that define the role of government and role of citizens in that government |
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| the basic document that provides a framework for government and and limits what the government can do |
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| the idea that power granted in states constitutions rests with the people |
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| the idea that all individuals possess inalienable rights and willingly submitt to government to protect these rights |
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| powers divided between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government |
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| system in which executive power is divided among several statwide officials |
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| a list of indiviual rights and granted to citizens within the state constitution |
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| a clause that makes a state constitution superior to state and local laws |
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| laws passed by state legislatures |
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| laws passed by local governments |
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| money dedicated to a specific expenditure |
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| legislative body that consists of two houses |
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| legislature meets every two years |
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| legislature must adjourn at end of regular session and can not continue to meet |
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| legislative session called by the legislature,rather than the governor, not used in Texas |
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| districted represented by one elected member of legislature |
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| districts represented by more than one member elected to the legislature |
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| additional qualitfications beyond the formal qualifications required for men and women to be elected governor; holding staewide elected office is an example |
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| when a governor leaves a state, the position is held by lieutenant governor, who performs the functions of the office |
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| the process by which some elected officials, including governors, may be impeached by the lower house adopting articles of impeachment |
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| chief counsel to the governor and state agencies; limited criminal jurisdiction |
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| Texas Railroad Commission |
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| state agency with regulation over some aspects of transportation and the oil and gas industry of the state |
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| court decisions depending on previous rulings of other courts |
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| the appearance that courts make objective decisions and not political ones |
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| local courts that hear cases; juries determine the outcome of the cases heard in the court |
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| higher-level courts that decide on points of law and not questions of guilt and innocence |
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| higher-level courts that decide on points of law and not questions of guilt and innocence |
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| pracitce in Texa of voting for judges with familiar or popular names |
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| juries of citizen that determine if a person will be charged with a crime |
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| juries of citizens that determine the guilt or innocence of a person during a trial |
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| the rate a which criminal offenders committ crime after they the state's custody |
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| local governments are created by state governments, and all powers are derived from state government, there are no inherent rights to local governments independent of what the state grants to them |
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| process of creating a city government |
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| extraterritorial jurisdiction |
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| city powers that extend beyond the city limits to an area adjacent to the city limits |
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| person hired by the city council to manage the city, serve as city administrater officer of the city |
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| form of government where the major shares power with the council and other elected officials |
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| form of local government where most power rest with the mayor |
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| all forms of involvement citizens can have that are relate to governance |
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| the proportion of people who cast ballots in an election |
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| citizens who have formally gone through the process of getting their names on the voter registration list |
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| the act of qualifying to vote by formally enrolling on an official list of voters |
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| the number of people age 18 and older |
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| factors such as income, education, race, and ethnicity that affect voter turnout |
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| regular elections held every two years to elect state officeholders |
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| forms used by voters to cast their ballots, each county, with the approval of secretary of state, determines the form of the ballot |
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| paper ballot form where candidates are listed by party and by office |
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| ballot form where candidates are with office by party affiliation listed by their name; most often used with computer ballots |
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| organization that can act as an intermediary between the people and government with the goal of getting their members elected to public office |
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| basic belief system that guides the party |
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| casting all your votes for candidates of one party |
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| permanent party organization |
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| series of elected officials of a political party that keep the party organization active between elections |
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| party official elected in each voting precinct to organize and support the party |
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| party official elected in each county to organize and support the party |
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| county executive committee |
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| committee made up of county chair and all precinct chairs in the county; serves as the official organization for the party in each county |
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| an organization of individuals sharing common goals that tries to influence governmental influences |
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| political action committee PAC |
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| spin-offs of interest groups that collect money for compaign contributions and other activity |
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| interest groups that represent more specific business interests |
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| retail trade associations |
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| organizaitons seeking to protect and promote the interest of member businesses involved in the sales of goods and services |
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| professional associations |
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| organizations promoting the interests of individuals who generally must hold a state-issued licensed to engage in their profesion |
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| various activities in whichinterest groups engage to try to influence the outcome of elections |
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| the practicing of trying to secure benefits for oneself or one's group through political means |
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| a measure of how liberal or conservative a state is on some state policies |
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| system of funding the state's primary and secondary public school education whereby rich districts send money to the state, which then distributes those funds to poor school districts |
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| state laws and constitutional ammendments that set aside money to be spent on specific items, the best example is state gasoline tax being comitted to state highways |
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| a set of beliefs about political processes and the role that government should play in our society |
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| goods and services characterized by the features of nonexcludability and nonrivalrousconsumption; they are often provided by the governments |
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| the inability to practically prevent people from receiving or enjoying a good or service due to nonpayment |
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| goods that are provided with no charge because there is a broader public benefit associated with the good |
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| a measure of the wealth of a state or it's abilty to raise revenues relative to all other states |
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| a measure of how close a state comes to using a tax capacity |
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| the total taxes raised in a state divided by the number of residents |
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| the shifting of taxes to citizens in other states |
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| those goods were goverment takes money from one group of citizens and gives it to other citizens; welfare for example |
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| good, activity, or resource that the government regulates to prevent overuse; an example is pumping water from a commonly owned aquifer |
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| taxes that citizens pay when they buy goods and services-sales taxes |
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| taxes that are not based on the benefit received but the wealth, or the ability to pay, of an individual |
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