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Gothic and Renaissance Italian Art
Gothic and Renaissance Italian Art
55
Art History
Undergraduate 4
10/11/2009

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Classical characteristics
Definition
Proper Anatomical proportions

Easy Movements

Figures turn easily in space and communicate with other figures

The representation of space through oblique line and atmospheric perspective

The modeling of light and shadow (chiaroscuro) to give the impression of three dimensionality

Sense of balance in the composition with the focus on the central figure or subject
Term
Countess Matlida
Definition
Attoni family

Allegiance to Florence

Drained swamplands

Improved agriculture

Fostered growth of industry and commerce
Term
Grandi
Definition
upper class, rich nobles
Term
Arti
Definition
guild members (wool makers/merchants, bankers), middle class
Term
Popolo Minuto
Definition
Servants and workers, lower class
Term
Italo-Byzantine
Definition
mixing of classical and Byzantine styles
Term
How did Byzantine style spread?
Definition
Early religious foundations throughout Italy

Transportable art

Traveling artists

Enamel panels
Term
Transportable art
Definition
Art that is small and portable

Ivory Madonna
Term
Longevity of Byzantine Tradition
Definition
With age comes sanctity

Everyone accepted that this was the correct way to do religious art

Master/apprentice tradition fostered imitation rather than inventiveness
Term
Fresco
Definition
1: Scaffolding

2: Rough Plaster – Arrichio

3: Under drawing – sinopia or freehand

4: Smooth plaster (intonico) in small, workday sections (giornata)

5: Top to bottom

6: Watercolor
Term
Arrichio
Definition
Rough Plaster
Term
Sinopia
Definition
red Clay Powder
Term
Pouncing
Definition
method of applying under drawing. Pinpricks in paper drawing, blow sinopia dust through holes. More detailed
Term
Tempera
Definition
1: Wood – tightly grained

2: smooth panel

3: Attach framing

4: Cover with many layers of gesso

5: polish with pumice

6: Linen

7: Gesso

8: Drawing – Charcoal or incision

9: If gold leaf – apply bole, then apply gold. Burnish with agate
Bole – red clay that becomes tacky when re-wetted. Helps gold leaf stick
Term
Oil Painting
Definition
Began in N. Europe

1400s

Linseed oil as binding medium

First applied to wood, then canvas became more popular

Luminescent
Term
Types of Paintings
Definition
Croche di Pinta

Altarpiece
Term
Croche di Pinta (Painted Cross)
Definition
2 types

Christus Triumphans (11-1200's; triumphant)

Christus Patiens (1225 – 1230; suffering)
Term
Altarpieces
Definition
Antipendium

Dosal

Diptic,triptic, poliptic

Haggeiographic

Madonna
Term
Antipendium Altarpieces
Definition
hangs before the altar
Term
Dosal Altarpieces
Definition
sits on top of back edge of altarpiece
Term
Diptych/Polyptic/Etc altarpieces
Definition
Leafed altarpieces (dip = 2, trip = 3, etc)
Term
Haggeographic altarpieces
Definition
Feature saints excluding Mary and Christ

Famous example is the St Francis altarpiece (1235)
Term
Madonna Types
Definition
Lordly -Frontal, serious

Showing the Way – Slightly turned, gesturing towards Christ child

Loving – More human, mother/child interaction

Nursing – Child suckling her breast
Term
How is church art justified?
Definition
People were smart enough to know they were looking at a material thing that would guide your thinking to a higher and more devotional level
Term
Cimabue
Definition
Arezzo Crucifix (1275)

Fresco in San Francesco of Assisi (1280)

Santa Croche Crucifix (1285)

Santa Trinita Madonna (1285)
Term
Willegelmo
Definition
Modena cathedral (1100)

four reliefs – Creation, Confrontation of Adam and Eve, Expulsion and First Labor
Term
Benidetto Antelomai
Definition
King David 1100

better proportions
Term
Nicola Pisano
Definition
Came from South of Italy

Pisa Baptistry Pulpit

Sienna Cathedral Pulpits

Exterior of Pisa Baptistry (with help from Giovanni)
Term
Giovanni Pisano
Definition
Facade of the Siena Cathedral

Half Length Madonna and Child

Madonna and Child of the Arena Chapel

Pistoia Pulpit

Three or four small scale crucifixes made for private devotion

Pisa Cathedral Pulpit

Dismantled Tomb of Margaret of Luxembourg
Term
Caetrum Plan
Definition
grid system, Roman fortified camp, walls defined square
Term
Guelf
Definition
faction supporting the Pope
Term
Ghibelline
Definition
faction supporting the Holy Roman Empire
Term
Buon Fresco
Definition
rue (wet) fresco
Term
Fresco a Secco
Definition
dry fresco
Term
Craqueleur
Definition
cracking of painting surface
Term
Du/Tre/Quatra/Cinqecento
Definition
12/13/14/1500s
Term
Dismantled Tomb of Margaret of Luxembourg
Definition
1312

Final documented work
Term
[image]
Definition

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San Vitale mosaic

 

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Ravenna

6th Century

Flat

Schemetized

Balance, focused on central subject

Italo-Byzantine

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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San Marco Cathedral

 

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Five domed, equal armed

Marble Veneer

gold backed mosaics featuring narratives

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Paledoro

 

1345

Enamel

Term
[image]
Definition

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Cefalu Cathedral


Sicily

12th century

Byzantine mosaics

 

Term

[image]

[image]

Definition

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Florence Baptistry


1225-1325

Octagonal

Cupula depicts eight scenes

Last Judgment – 3 panels

Creation

Chronology of Adam and Eve to Noah

Stories of Mary and Christ

Life of John the Baptist

Joseph

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Church of San Miniato mosaic


1270

Florence

Similar to Florence scene in Baptistry

St. Miniatus takes place of John the Baptist beside Christ

Christ flanked by evangelist symbols

Italo-Byzantine (symmetry, balance, sense of calm, etc)

 

Term

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[image]

 

Definition

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Coppo di Marcovaldo


First Name in Florentine Art

San Gimignano cross (1265)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Arezzo Crucifix


1275

Byzanitine style

Christ peels away from throne in a more dramatic way

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Fresco in San Francesco of Assisi


1280

suffering Christ is center of human emotions

St. Francis at foot of cross

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Santa Croche Crucifix


1285

Damaged by flood

More elegant Christ

Softer anatomy

Creepy Loincloth

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Santa Trinita


1285

Come hither look

move towards realism

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Pisa Baptistry Pulpit


1259-1260

Hexagonal

Five Narrative Reliefs

Low relief

Classicism

Lion support figures

Round, trefoil arches

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Sienna Cathedral Pulpit


1265-1268

Nicola disobeyed his contract and spent most of his time in Pisa

Oxagonal

Corner figures, virtues, prophets and saints, lion supports, trefoil arches

Central support features liberal arts

7 reliefs

slightly deeper, elongated proportions

Assisted by his son

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Siena Cathedral Facade


1284-87

Turned building into stage

14 figures

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Half Length Madonna and Child


1280

Psychological Intensity

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Madonna and Child of the Arena Chapel


1305

 

Term
[image]
Definition

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Pistoia Pulpit


1297-1301

Lions and humans act as support figures

Deepest relief carving yet

Pointed trefoil arches

hexagonal

 

Term
[image]
Definition

<!-- @page { margin: 0.79in } P { margin-bottom: 0.08in } -->

Pisa Cathedral Pulpit


1302-1311

Anatomical distortions

Almost cubist in style

Not highly polished

 

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