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Goodman Portion of PDA
Intro to PDA
55
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 3
05/25/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
3 Types of lipid molecules that makes up the cell membrane & percentages
Definition
Phospholipids (75%)
Cholesterols (20%)
Glycoproteins (5%)
Term
Cell membrane proteins can act as ____, _____, and _____.
Definition
channels, transporters, receptors
Term
Allows specific substance to move through water-filled pore.
Definition
Channels
Term
Allows specific substance across membrane by changing shapes.
Definition
Transporters
Term
Recognizes specific ligands and alters cell function in some way.
Definition
Receptors
Term
Integral proteins are also called ____ proteins.
Definition
Amphipathic/Transverse
Term
Where are integral and peripheral proteins found.
Definition
integral - Embedded 1/2 way or troughout entire cell membrane
Peripheral- intercellular or extracellular
Term
LIST THE 3 TYPES OF PASSIVE DIFFUSION POSSIBLE.
Definition
1. Through lipid bilayer
2. Through a channel
3. facilitated
Term
The bilayer is permeable to ____?
Definition
Small hydrophobic molecules
Small uncharged polar molecules
Term
The bilayer is impermeable to ____?
Definition
Ions
Large polar molecules
Term
List some nonpolar hydrophobic molecules
Definition
oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, fatty acids, steroids, small alcohols, ammonia and fat-soluble vitamins (A, E, D and K)
Term
Which is faster diffusion through the membrane or through a membrane channel?
Definition
through the membrane
Term
Channel that are open all the time
Definition
Passive channels
Term
Facilitated diffusion occurs down concentration gradient ONLY if
Definition
no concentration difference exists, no net movement across membrane occurs
Term
In facilitated diffusion the rate of movement depends on
Definition
steepness of concentration gradient
number of transporter proteins (transport maximum)
Term
Osmosis
Definition
Net movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
Term
transmembrane proteins that function as water channels
Definition
Aquaporins
Term
Isotonic solution
Definition
water concentration the same inside & outside of cell results in no net movement of water across cell membrane
Term
Hypotonic solution
Definition
higher concentration of water outside of cell results in hemolysis
Term
Hypertonic solution
Definition
lower concentration of water outside of cell causes crenation
Term
Active Transport
Definition
Movement of polar or charged substances against their concentration gradient
Term
Properties of Carrier Proteins
Definition
-specific binding site for solute
-conformational change
-transport rate:102-104/s (slow!)
Term
Properties of Channel Proteins
Definition
-selective in respect to size and charge
-when open, ions and H2O can slip through
-transport rate: 107/s (fast!)
Term
Properties of Channel Proteins
Definition
-selective in respect to size and charge
-when open, ions and H2O can slip through
-transport rate: 107/s (fast!)
Term
Movement of polar or charged substances against their concentration gradient
Definition
Active Transport
Term
Sources of energy for active transport.
Definition
1. energy from hydrolysis of ATP (primary active transport)
2. energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient (secondary active transport)
Term
Primary active transport
Definition
energy from hydrolysis of ATP
Term
secondary active transport
Definition
energy stored in an ionic concentration gradient
Term
Which type of transport exhibits transport maximums and saturation?
Definition
Active Transport
Term
maintains low concentration of Na+ and a high concentration of K+ in the cytosol
Definition
Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Term
___ Na+ ions removed from cell as ____ K+ ions brought into cell
Definition
3, 2
Term
more of the weak acid drug will be in the lipid soluble form at _____ pH
Definition
acid
Term
more of the weak base drug will be in the lipid soluble form at _____ pH
Definition
alkaline
Term
Modes of drug permeation
Definition
Lipid Diffusion
Aqueous Diffusion
Carrier Molecule
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Term
Smallest concentration that will elicit a physiological response.
Definition
Threshold
Term
How strong/effective a drug is at eliciting a physiological response.
Definition
Potency
Term
Class of Hydromorphine, morphine and codeine
Definition
opioid/narcotic analgesics
Term
Class of Aspirin
Definition
NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
Term
Shape of dose response curve
Definition
Sigmoid
Term
Categories of pain
Definition
severe, moderate, mild
Term
Therapeutic index
Definition
TI =TD50/ED50
TD= Toxic Dose (also LD50 = Lethal Dose)
ED= Effective Dose
Term
TD= Toxic Dose (also LD50 = Lethal Dose)
Definition
Dose that will cause 50% of animals to die
Term
Agonist
Definition
Causes a physiological response when binds to a particular receptor
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Binds to a receptor and inhibits agonist from causing a physiological response by blocking its receptor site
Term
What are the 2 types of Antagonists?
Definition
Competitive and Noncompetitive
Term
Competitive antagonist
Definition
Competes with agonist for receptor sites (if antagonist>agonist ED50 is increased)
Term
Noncompetitive antagonist
Definition
Has 2 or more possible receptor sites; May NOT bind to the same receptor site as agonist (Will never reach MAXIMUM response)
Term
Physiological antagonism
Definition
Involves two drugs that act in two distinct manners but interact in such a way that they reduce each other's effectiveness in the body.
Term
Additive
Definition
refers to two agents who outcome equals the sum of the two individual effects.
Term
Potentiation
Definition
refers to the situation in which the combination of two drugs produces effects that are greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Term
Sensitization (reverse tolerance)
Definition
The enhancement of particular drug effects following repeated administration of the same dose of drug.
Term
Pharmacokinetics
Definition
Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation), and excretion of drugs
Term
Process by which a drug passes from its site of entry into the body to the bloodstream
Definition
Absorption
Term
7 factors affecting absorption
Definition
1. Route of Administration
2. Drug Solubility
3. pH
4. Blood Flow to the Site of Administration
5. Nature of the Absorbing Surface Through Which the Drug Must Traverse
6. Drug Concentration
7. Dosage Form of the Drug
Term
Drug absorption in this route is usually unreliable, unpredictable, and slow
Definition
Enteral route
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