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Gods & Goddesses
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77
Classics
Undergraduate 4
11/26/2012

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Term
Aphrodite
Definition
Goddess of love and beauty. Daughter of Zues and Dione. Described as laughter-loving and golden. Pro-Trojan due to her affinity for Paris and her son, Aeneas.
Term
Apollo
Definition
God of Music and the Arts. Son of Zues and Leto. Brother of Artemis. Pro-Trojan: deemed as most loyal
Term
Aphrodite
Definition
In his battle against Menelaus, Paris is almost killed but this goddess rescues Paris by enveloping him in a mist and carries him to his bedroom.  
Term
Aphrodite & Apollo
Definition
In Book 5, this goddes attempts to save her son, Aeneas,  by enfolding him in her radiant robe to prevent Diomedes from killing him. Diomedes strikes this goddess on the wrist and she drops Aeneas. Which god comes to Aeneas rescue and gathers him in a indigo cloud to keep Diomedes from killing him?  
Term
Apollo
Definition
This god refuses to fight another immortal. Even when Poseidon taunts him to try and get him to fight, he refuses to engage in combat. 
Term
Apollo
Definition
In beginning of Book 1, he is the first god to intervene in the Iliad. When Agamemnon refuses to return Chryseis, he gets offended and sends a plague to the Greek camp. For nine days, his arrows rain death on camp. 
Term
Apollo
Definition
Also known as Phoebus, Lord of the Silver Bow
Term
Apollo & Athena
Definition
In Book 7, this god & goddess devise a plan to temporarily stop the bloodshed of many men. They decide to rouse Hector to challenge the best Greek warrior to fight in a single combat. Telamonian Ajax volunteers. Their fight ends in a truce b/c Zeus sends a message to Idaeus stating that Zeus loved them both & orders them to stop battling and yield to the night.  
Term
Apollo
Definition
In Book 15, Zeus wakes up from his induced slumber and is infuriated that the Achaeans are winning. Zeus sends this god to aid Trojans. He leads Hector back into battle and Trojans gain the lead again. 
Term
Apollo
Definition
In Book 16, as Trojans are pushed back to the walls of Troy by Patroclus and Myrmidons, this god flees with them. He warns Patroclus to stop charging and flicks him with his finger to push him off but Patroclus continues to charge. 
Term
Apollo 
Definition
In Book 16, this god entices Hector to go after Patroclus by stating that this god may give him the glory. He breaks open Patroclus's breastplate so his body is exposed. Hector takes advantage of this opportunity and kills Patroclus with the aid of this god. 
Term
Apollo
Definition
In Book 20, this god sends Aeneas after Achilles to divert him from his search of Hector. Gives Aeneas the courage to face Achilles by calling him out about his public boast of being willing to take on Achilles
Term
Apollo
Definition
In Book 21, this god inspires Agenor to stand his ground against Achilles. This god is pro-longing the death of Hector, which gives the Trojans time to secure the gates. This god rescues Agenor from Achilles and puts him near the river Scamander
Term
Ares
Definition
God of War. Son of Zeus and Hera. Pro-Trojan: but is mostly impartial to the cruelities of war. He aids Trojans b/c of Apollo's request, but only when Athena is not around. 
Term
Ares
Definition
In Book 5, this god intimidates Diomedes to the extent that he doesn't want to engage in battle anymore. Diomedes, the once blood hungry, powerful warrior now retreats like a scared, puny man. 
Term
Athena & Ares
Definition

In Book 5, this goddess aids Diomedes in attacking this god. Diomedes strikes this god in the belly and sends him screaming back to Olympius. He is the second god to be harmed by Diomedes with the guide of this goddess.

(the first, Aphrodite)

Term
Ares
Definition
In Book 5, this god is harmed by a mortal, Diomedes. His departure allows the Greeks to gain control over the war. 
Term
Artemis
Definition
Goddess of the Hunt and the Moon. Daughter of Zeus and Leto, sister of Apollo. Pro-Trojan
Term
Athena
Definition
Goddess of Wisdom and Battle. Daughter of Zeus, sprang directly from his head. Powerfully pro-Achaean: special affection for Odysseus, bears strong hatred for Troy 
Term
Athena 
Definition
Also called Pallas, grey-eyed, driver of the spoil.  
Term
Athena & Hera
Definition

In Book 1, this goddess prevents Achilles from losing his temper and attacking Agamemnon, promising him greater glory if he waits. This intervention allows the plot to develop into a much bigger story. 

 

She is sent by this goddess b/c this goddess loves and protects both men. 

Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 4, this goddess is ordered by Zeus (by Hera's request) to convince Pandarus to break the truce and shoot Menelaus with an arrow. She tricks Pandarus, disguised as Antenor's son Laodocus. She lies to him and says he will receive wonderful gifts from Hector and win glory and gratitude from Trojans. Trojans are forced by divine powers to break truce and further the demise of Troy. This goddess directs the arrow so it hits Menelaus but doesn't kill him. 
Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 5, this goddess gives Diomedes strength and courage that he needs to sustain his killing rampage. This aid fills Diomedes with rage & makes him act savagely. Diomedes leads Greek offense killing many Trojans & allows him to harm Aphordite and Ares
Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 5, this goddess convinces Ares that they should both withdraw from battle to avoid the anger of their father Zeus and let the Greeks and Trojans fight on their own. She deceptively leads Ares away from battle and returns to aid the Greeks
Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 5, this goddess removes the mist from Diomedes eyes so he can tell god from man. Orders him to not fight any immortal who might challenge him, except for Aphrodite. She gives him the fearless, fighting spirit of his father, Tydeus, which allows him to kill many Trojan men. 
Term
Ares
Definition
In Book 5, this god inspires Hector to lead the Trojans and defend their line against Diomedes' attack. This god raises Hector's strength and fills him with rage so he can rally the Trojan warriors and defend against Greek rampage. 
Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 19, this goddess is ordered by Zeus to nourish Achilles so that he will be able to fight. Up until this point, Achilles refuses to eat b/c of his grief. 
Term
Athena & Apollo
Definition
In Book 20, at the beginning of Achilles' fight against Hector, this goddess protects Achilles from Hector's spear. This god whisks Hector away and protects him four times from being attacked by Achilles
Term
Athena
Definition
In Book 22, Achilles chases Hector around the city three times. On the fourth, this goddess takes the form of Hector's brother, Deiphobus and deceives Hector to think that he isn't facing Achilles alone. This transforms his fear into false courage, which allows him to confidently attack Achilles. Achilles kills Hector with aid of this goddess. 
Term
Athena vs. Ares
Definition
In Book 21, these two immortals battle each other because this god is angry that this goddess caused Diomedes to wound him. 
Term
Athena vs. Aphrodite
Definition
In Book 21, the mother of this goddess encouages her to attack this goddess. 
Term
Dione
Definition
A goddess of the early generation. Mother of Aphrodite. In Book 5, when Aphrodite is wounded, she goes to her mother to get healed. Tells her daughter she isn't meant for battle and that fools who fight with gods don't last long. 
Term
Hephaestus
Definition

God of Fire and Patron of Metalwork.

Son of Zeus and Hera: makes peace between his parents. 

Pro-Achaean: By Thetis' request, he makes Achilles new armor and shield. 

Term
Hephaestus vs. Xanthus
Definition

In Book 21, under Hera's request, this god intervenes for the first time to rescue Achilles from his doom. 

 

How: Pushes River back with fire so Achilles can escape.

 

Hypocritical Hera: River begs Hera to order her son to stop burning him & in return the River will stop as well. She tells her son to stop & that it is not right to attack an immortal for the sake of a mortal, yet she was the one who told this god to attack another god in order to save her precious Achilles. 

Term
Hera
Definition
Queen of the Olympian gods. Daughter of Cronus and Rhea; wife of Zeus; mother of Ares, Hephaestus and Hebe. Powerfully pro-Achaean: loves and protects Agamemnon & Achilles. Needs both men to fight against Trojans. Will do anything to see the fall of Troy to the extent that she is at war with her husband. 
Term
Hera
Definition
Also called ox-eyed, white-armed. 
Term
Hera vs. Thetis
Definition
In Book 1, gets angry at her husband b/c she thinks he is devising secret plots behind her back. She accuses him of flirting with this goddess and knows that he made a promise to destroy the Greeks. Though she is infuriated, jealous and feels betrayed, she eventually forgives him to avoid punishment and reassures herself that mortals aren't worth fighting over. 
Term
Hera
Definition
In Book 4, her husband doesn't undestand why she is so fixed on demolishing Troy. Scared Ilion is dearest to Zeus' soul. Compromise a deal: Zeus promises the fall of Troy, but any city that Zeus wants to destroy, even if it contains men she loves, she cannot get in the way or refute his actions. 
Term
Hera & Athena
Definition

In Book 8, this goddess convinces Zeus' favorite daughter to disobey Zeus' orders and ascend down to help Achaeans in battle. Zeus sends Iris to stop them as they are leaving Olympus. He delivers Zeus' threatening message.


Wife's reaction: tells her partner in crime that she cannot keep fighting with Zeus over the sake of mere mortals. Prefers to let chance determine life & death.  

Term
Hera & Poseidon
Definition
In Book 8, this goddess tries to convince Zeus' brother to disobey Zeus and help the Achaeans. No match against his brother's strength, this god refuses out of fear that defying Zeus will cause him great harm. 
Term
Hera's Dios Apate
Definition

In Book 14, this goddes devises a great plan known as the Deception of Zeus. 

 

1. Lies to Aphrodite to receive the breat plate with magical charms of sex and desire.

2. Bribes Sleep with the promise that she will make his crush, Pasithea, fall in love with him.

3. Puts on ornate and seduces Zeus to go to bed with her. 4. Sleep induces Zeus into deep slumber.

5.Sleep relays the message to Poseidon that Zeus sleeps and he can help the Greeks all he wants now. 

 

She cannot overpower her husband, but she proves that she can outwit him. 

Term
Hera & Hephaestus
Definition
In Book 21, this goddess encourages her son to help Achilles in his battle against Xanthus
Term
Hermes
Definition
God who serves as messanger for the Olympians. Son of Zues and Maia. Technically pro-Achaean. 
Term
Hermes
Definition
In Book 24, this god guides Priam into Achaean camp. Through this god's assitance, Priam is able to enter and leave camp undetected. He wakes Priam so that he may retreat successfully b/c if Agamemnon finds out that Priam is on enemy camp he will make him pay more ransom for his own life.  
Term
Iris 
Definition
Goddess of the Rainbow and Messenger for the Olympians. 
Term
Iris
Definition

In Book 24, Zeus dispatched this goddess to Troy to tell Priam that he must go to the Greek ships to ransom his son. 

 

Hecuba, Priam's wife, response: Fears for her husband's life, doesn't want him to go. 

Term
Iris
Definition
In Book 15, Zeus sends this goddess to tell Poseidon to cease from war & battle. She rationalizes with him and makes him realize that he must listen to Zeus b/c he is much stronger and can hurt Poseidon if he disobeys him. So, Poseidon removes himself from battle and will no longer aid the Greeks
Term
Iris
Definition
In Book 11, Zeus sends this goddess to Hector with the message that as long as he sees Agamemnon storming through the ranks, he should hold back and order other troops to fight. But when Agamemnon is wounded by an arrow, then Zeus will lend Hector the strength to kill and keep killing. 
Term
Iris
Definition
In Book 2, Zeus sends this goddess to notify the Trojans of the massive size of Greek army. Warns Hector of upcoming Greek attack and tells him to get his captains to spread the word and ready for battle. 
Term
Leto
Definition
A Titan goddess. Mother of the twins Apollo and Artemis. Pro-Trojan: given that her beloved children are strong allies with Trojans
Term
Poseidon 
Definition
God of the Sea. Son of Cronus and Rhea; brother of Zeus, Hades, & Hera. Generally pro-Achaean: pities the Greeks & furious with Zeus, but at times pro-Trojan: rescues Aeneas from Achilles wrath. 
Term
Poseidon 
Definition
In Book 7, this god asks Zeus permission to knock down the wall the Greeks built on the beach to protect their ships. 
Term
Poseidon
Definition
In Book 13, arrival of this god helps the Greeks gain confidence and take control over Trojans. He pities the Greeks & is furious at his brother, Zeus for causing their destruction. He challenges Zeus' authority as rouses the Achaeans and lifts their morale. First, he urges on the Ajaxes and pumps strength into them so they can return to battle. Then, he gives heart to Achaean troops.  As Zeus turns away, this god intensifies his involvement. 
Term
Poseidon
Definition
In Book 14, this god takes the form of an old man and encourages Agamemnon to re-enter battle. This god inspires the confidence and hope Agamemnon needs. This action pleases his sister, Hera & motivates her to devise a plan to trick Zeus. Because Hera guarentees that Zeus will be sleeping, this god is brave enough to greatly influence the battle. Given divine strength, Telamonian Ajax throws a gigantic stone at Hector, wounding him, & forcing him to withdraw from battle. Trojans retreat & Greeks are now winning w/ help of this god. 
Term
Poseidon
Definition

In Book 20, this god pities Aeneas for he innocently obeyed Apollo, as he was just used as a ploy to distract Achilles from finding Hector. This god pleads to Hera that they deliver Aeneas from death. Hera refuses to help any Trojan. So, this god goes to rescue Aeneas on his own. Though he usually favors the Greeks, he cannot bear to witness Aeneas die at the hands of Achilles b/c of the actions of a god.


How: He covers Achilles eyes with a magic mist & takes Aeneas to the perimeter of the battlefield, far away from the dangers of Achilles rage. 

Term
Poseidon & Athena
Definition

In Book 21, this god switches back to his original allegiance (pro-Achaean) & with the help of this goddess rescues Achilles from Xanathus river.

 

How: Takes on human form & grabs Achilles hands so he can escape from the River. Reassures Achilles that it is not his doom to be vanquished by a River. 

Term
Thetis
Definition
A sea goddess, one of the Nereids. Wife of Peleus; mother of Achilles. Aka: silver-footed. Pro-Achilles: main concern is to protect her mighty son & secure his desires.
Term
Thetis 
Definition
In Book 1, this goddess begs Zeus to grant her this prayer: "do justice by him, give the Trojans the upper hand until the Greeks grant my son the honor he deserves." He is hesitant at first b/c he knows it will cause conflict with Hera, but makes the final decision to appease this goddess. 
Term
Thetis 
Definition

In Book 18, after killing Patroclus, Hector takes off his Achilles' armor & wears it. This goddess begs Hephaestus to make Achilles new shield & armor so he can re-enter battle & avenge Patroclus. Hephaestus appeases to her wish, his only regret that he can't protect Achilles from death. 

 

On the shield: constellations, dancing children, fertile land, soliders fighting, section for a king, vineyard, cattle, pasture, and great strength of the River Ocean. 

Term
Iris
Definition
In Book 18, this goddess sent by Hera to inform Achilles that Trojans & Greeks are fighting over Patroclus's body. Told him that if the Trojans just see him, they will back off. 
Term
Thetis
Definition

In Book 24, Zeus commands this goddess to tell Achilles that he must give up the body of Hector to Priam and accept the ransom for Patroclus's death. 

 

Achilles' response: Doesn't refute b/c its the gods will. 

Term
Xanthus
Definition
God of the river near Troy, called Scamander by men. Pro-Trojan: major fight against Achilles
Term
Xanthus
Definition
In Book 21, this god is horrified by Achilles rampage & asks the hero to stop killing men in his waters. He refuses to stop & attacks this god. He gets angry & fights back. Since the gods are stronger than men, he overtakes Achilles & nearly drowns him. He is burnt by Hephaestus' fire & begs Hera to get him to stop, in return he will not ward off Illion's doom on the day Troy goes up in flames. 
Term
Zeus 
Definition
Supreme god of Olympus, known as the father of gods & men. Son of Cronus & Rhea; husband of Hera; father of Athena, Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis, & Hephaestus. His duty is to carry out the will of Destiny, so he is officially neutral in the war, but is sympathetic towards the Trojans, specifically Hector & Priam. He is the only god that can change fate, but chooses not to. 
Term
Zeus 
Definition
In Book 2, his dream causes Agamemnon to engage in fighting that he wouldn't have otherwise. This is the beginning of a series of divine actions that support this god's pledge to Thetis
Term
Zeus & Athena
Definition
This god orders this goddess to prompt Pandarus to shoot Menelaus. This action breaks the truce and restarts the battle between Trojans and Greeks. 
Term
Zeus
Definition
In Book 8, this god declares that he will be the only one to interfere in the war. Threatens to harm any god that goes against "his will." In order to turn the battle so that the Trojans are winning must resort to excessive force. Throws thunderbolts at the Greeks
Term
Zeus
Definition
In Book 8, Agamemnon prays to this god to send the Greeks a sign that he hasn't completely forsaken them. He takes pity and sends a doe dropped by an eagle. (surest omen on wings) This inspires the Greeks to rally. 
Term
Zeus
Definition
In Book 11, this god gives Hector the strength to storm the Greek walls & break down the doors. With this act, he continues his commitment to hurt the Greeks
Term
Zeus & Poseidon
Definition
This god is tricked & falls asleep. While he is sleeping, this god goes to the aid of the Greeks. When this god wakes up he is furious & sends Iris to threaten this god to stop helping the Greeks. Sends Apollo to aid the Trojans
Term
Zeus & Hector
Definition
This Trojan dies because this god decided that was his fate. His death is part of the decree that this god makes early on, "will of __"
Term
Zeus
Definition
This god intercedes to save Hector's body. Sends Thetis to instruct her son, Achilles and sends Iris to Priam
Term
Aphrodite & Apollo
Definition

This goddess protects Hector's body from the dogs. She also anoints him with ambrosial oil of rose, so when Achilles drags his body, it won't be torn. 

 

This god covers his body with a blue cloud to protect it from the effects of the sun's damage. 

Term

Andromache's lament of Hector's death. 

(Book 22)

Definition

"The Trojans called him Astyanax 

Because you alone were Troy's defender, 
You alone protected their walls & gates.

Now you lie from the curved prows of the ships,

Far from your parents.

Burning your clothes will be your glory before the Trojan men & women."  

Term
Hector in his final moments. Comments about the cruelities of fate. 
Definition

"Athena tricked me. Death is closing in

And there's no escape. Zeus & Apollo

Must have chosen this long ago, even though

They used to be on my side. My fate is here, 

But I will not persish without some great deed

That future generations will remember. 

Term
Hector pleads to Achilles to return his body to Troy to have a proper burial. Begs to not have the dogs eat his flesh. 
Definition

"So this is Achilles. There was no way 

To persuade you. Your heart is a lump

Of iron. But the gods will not forget this, 

And I will have my venegence on that day 
When Paris & Apollo destroy you

In the long shadow of Troy's Western Gate." 

Term
Achilles resonds to Hector's threats. But Hector is already dead. 
Definition

"Die and be done with it. As for my fate

I'll accept it whenever Zeus sends it."

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