Term
|
Definition
| A population of organisms can change over the generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than other individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The result of natural selection; it is a prevalence of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms' survival and reproduction in specific environments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plato (427-347 B.C.) opposed concept of evolution. He believed in two worlds. One that we live in, and another one which is the ideal world. Our world is an imperfect copy of that ideal world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (384-322 BCE) Scala Naturae- all living forms could be arranged on a scale or ladder of incresing complexity. In his view the species are permanent and perfect hence they do not evolve. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A philosophy dedicated to discovering the Creator's plan by studying nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying the diverse forms of life. (Carolus Linnaeus specialized in it) |
|
|
Term
| Order of Evolutionary Views |
|
Definition
| Linnaeus (taxonomy); Hutton (gradualism); Lamarck (evolution); Malthus (populations); Cuvier (paleontology); Lyell (uniformitarianism); Darwin (evolution, natural selection); Mendel (inheritance); Wallace (evolution, natural selection).............phew... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Relics or impressions of organisms from the past, preserved in rock. Most are found in sedimentary rocks at the bottom of seas, lakes and marshes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of fossils, developed by French anatomist Georges Cuvier. Studying different stratas containing fossils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Noticed that the older the stratum, the more dissimilar the fossils are from modern life. yet he didn't believe in evolution.........so he gave rise to the theory of catastrophism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cuvier proposed that periodic catastrophes(flood, volcano erruption, drought) destroyed many species and the areas were repopulated with different immigrant species.......he didn't believe in evolution.......its his way of explaining as to why older fossils were different from modern species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ..........see gradualism..... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| James Hutton explained Earlth's geologic features by this theroy; it holds that profound change is the cumulative product of slow but continuous processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Wrote Principles of Geology
.....see Uniformitarianism..... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incorporated from Hutton's gradualism it refers to the idea that geological processes are taking place at the same rate as they were before. Everything is UNIFORM!!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Published his "theory of evolution" the year Darwin was born; |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Essay on the Principle of Population
says war, famine, drought e.t.c occurs because there are too many people. Survival of the fittest. Blacksmith has big biceps, because he needs them. Came long before Darwin. Darwin incorporated his theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Biological diversity was the product of evolution. "Origin of Species";
1- The diverse forms of life have arisen by descent with modification from ancestral speices
2- the mechanism of modification has been natural selection working over enormous tracts of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breeding of domesticated plants and animals. The plants and animals we grow for food often bear little resemblance to their wild ancestors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Published his theory of natural selection before Darwin yet Darwin was the first one to come up with it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestry. The three kinds are Anatomical, Embryological and Molecular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anatomical similarities between species grouped in the same taxonomic category; e.g. man of the same skeletal elements make up the forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, bats and other mammals even though they have different functions. |
|
|
Term
| Homologous Structures & Vestigial Organs |
|
Definition
| In taking on different functions in each species, the basic structures were modified. Such anatomical signs of evolution are called homologous structures; Vestigial organs are historical remnants of structures that had important functions in ancestors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Similarities that can be easily seen in embryonic stage among different species rather than in adult stage. e.g. pharyngeal pouches in all mammals during embryonic development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecular similarities in the make-up of plants and animals (on the level of DNA, RNA e.t.c.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The geographic distribution of species-first suggested evolution to Darwin. Species tend to be more closely related to other species from the same area than to other species with the same way of life but living in different areas. |
|
|
Term
| 4 Anatomical features characterize Phylum Chordata |
|
Definition
| Notochord, Dorsal hollow nerve cord, Pharyngeal Slits, Postanal tail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means Jawed mouth (includes classes include aquatic, tetrapods(amphibians & amniotes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Named for the amniotic egg which is a shelled, water-retaining egg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| means "without jaws" (hagfishes and lampreys). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Population is a localized group of individuals belonging to the same species. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of populations whose individuals have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time is called the population's gene pool. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population's gene pool remain constant over the generations unless acted upon by agents other than Mendelian Segregation and recombination of alleles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generation-to-generation change in a population's frequencies of alleles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Change in a populations's allele frequencies due to chance, is called genetic drift. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetc drift due to a drastic reduction in population size is called the bottleneck effect. (few survivors of earthquake, flood...are not necessarily representative of original population's gene pool. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic drift in a new colony (few individuals from a larger population colonize an isolated island e.t.c.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Genetic exchange due to the migratin of fertile individuals or gametes between populations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Change in an organism's DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Geographic variation; graded change in some trait along a geographic axis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Common during periods of environmental change (birds beak sizes, bear sizes during ice-age) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Environmental conditions are varied in a ay that favors individuals on both extremes of a henotypic range over intermediate phenotypes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reduces variation and maintains the status quo for a particular phenotypic character(acts against extreme phenotypes and favors more common intermediate variants (human birht weight stays in the range of 3-4 kg!!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Each evolutionary branch is a clade. |
|
|
