Term
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Definition
total control of the patient's ventilation
patient may be sedated or pharmacologically paralyzed
no active respiratory muscle activity is necessary |
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Term
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Definition
patient controls respiratory pattern and rate
breath initiated by patient creates negative airway pressure in circuit; once initiated, the volume is delivered with either a preteen volume or pressure and flow rate
respiratory muscles still working |
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Term
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Definition
delivers breath of predetermined tidal volume with the patient's inspiratory effort
if the patient does not initiate a breath within a specified time period ,the ventilator will deliver a breath to maintain preset RR |
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Term
| synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) |
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Definition
delivers breaths intermittently at preset time intervals with a preset RR, VT, and flow rate
patient is allowed to breathe spontaneously through a separate circuit between machine-delivered breaths
it will assist a patient-imitated breath
mandatory breaths are only delivered when the patient is not imitating enough breaths to allow a preset minute ventilation |
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Term
| pressure-supported ventilation (PSV) |
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Definition
| patient-imitated breaths are augmented with a preset flow of gas from the ventilator to maintain constant inspiratory pressure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prevents obstruction of the upper airway by moving the tongue anteriorly,limit biting and compression of the tongue and endotracheal tube |
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Term
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Definition
| provides a direct connection between the nose and upper airway, often used to facilitate nasotracheal suctioning for patients with retained secretions, a poor cough, and without endotracheal tubes |
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Term
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Definition
prevent/relieve upper airway obstruction, protect the airway from aspiration, facilitate tracheal suctioning, airway clearance, provide sealed, closed system for MV
typically shorter duration artificial airway (than tracheostomy tube) |
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Term
| laryngeal mask airway (LMA) |
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Definition
temporary airway often used intraoperatively or as a bridge to a definitive airway (ETT)
provides potency but can allow aspiration
easily dislodged |
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Term
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Definition
inserted between 2md and 3rd cricoid cartilage ring, inferior to the vocal cords, fixated with a stitch, knotted string ties or velcro strapping
it has 2 cannulas: outer- allowing fixation and stabilization inner- removable, allowing for airway hygiene |
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Term
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Definition
| maintain clear airway, normalize breath sounds and breathing pattern, reduce dyspnea, limit airway trauma and hypoxia |
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Term
| enteral (nasoentric feeding tube) |
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Definition
| ease of administration, less expensive, less risk for infection, no central venous access needed, improved GI function |
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Term
| toal parenteral nutrition (TPN) |
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Definition
patients who cannot use GI tract and cannot meet nutritional requirements
patient specific formulations are used dependent on needs |
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Term
| nasogastric tubes (NG tube) |
|
Definition
inserted through the nose and terminates in stomach usually short term
intended for keeping stomach empty after surgery
complications: GERD, rhinitis, pharyngitis, esophagitis and stricture, upper GI bleeding, pneumothorax
nasoduodenal and nasojejunal feeding may reduce risk of aspiration |
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Term
percuaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy |
|
Definition
surgically inserted: directly into GI tract through the abdominal wall
usually long term
complications:
skin breakdown, wound dehiscence, GI bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
| large amount of serosanguinous (salmon colored) fluid coming from incision site |
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Term
|
Definition
swelling of only one extremity with pain on flexion of that extremity
note with palpation: redness, maybe tenderness, warmth over the back of calf |
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Term
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Definition
squeeze the gastrocnemius muscle belly while forecfully pushing ankle into dorsiflexion
if tenderness or pain in gastrocnemius region, positive test for thrombophlebitis |
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