Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
lethargy
nausea
apathy
muscle cramps
muscular twitching
confusion (if severe) |
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Term
|
Definition
associated with surgery and febrile illnesses
results from dehydration, limited water intake (leads to hypovolemia), and increased Na intake with normal fluid volumes (resulting in intracellular dehydration) |
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Term
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Definition
muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis
parasthesis
initial tachycardia followed by brachycardia
ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrest
irritability
anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
extremity weakness
fatigue
slow/weak pulse
paresthesias
leg cramp
ventricular fibrillation
cardiac arrest
hypotension
diminished bowel function- constipation, abdominal dissension, paralytic ileus |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
due to: hyperparathyroidism, cancer involving bone, sarcoidosis, excess Vitamin D
fatigue
weakness
lethargy
anorexia
nausea
constipation |
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Term
|
Definition
due to: hypoparathyroidism, inadequate intake/absorption of Ca, bone or soft tissue deposition, blood transfusion, decreased vitamin D
confusion
paresthesias
muscle spasms
hyperreflexia |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
associated with renal failure and uremia, hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism, and chemotherapies
confusion
paresthesias
muscle spasms
hyperreflexia |
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Term
|
Definition
| associated with hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, possible complications of diabetes management, mental status changes, bone and muscle pain, neuromuscular irritability, seizures, tremors |
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Term
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Definition
excess fluid in the extracellular space
pt. thirsty byt fluids are being restricted
dyspnea
orthopnea
increased BP
bounding pulse (too much blood)
presence of S3 heart sound & cough if heart is failing
dependent edema
increased pulmonary artery pressure
jugular vein distention
elevated central venous pressure |
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Term
|
Definition
hypernatremia from decreased water intake
weak/rapid pulse
decreased BP
dizziness
thirst
extremities cool/pale
confusion
muscle cramps |
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Term
|
Definition
diagnositic test findings:
decreased Hct
decreased BUN
normal serum Na levels
decreased K levels
x-ray will indiciate pulmonary edema |
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Term
|
Definition
diagnostic test findings:
decreased Hgb & Hct (with whole blood loss)
increased Hct (with plasma fluid shift from intravascular to interstitial spaces)
increased BUN
increased serum Na levels |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
causes:
enhanced K intake combined with renal insufficiency
shift of K from ICF to ECF from cellular damage, hypoxia, acidosis, insulin deficiency, muscle damage and some meds |
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Term
|
Definition
due to:
loss of K (diarrhea, vomiting, GI drainage tubes)
reduced intake (malnutrition)
increased cellular uptake (from alkalosis and excessive insulin administration)
enhanced renal exertion of K |
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Term
|
Definition
diaphoresis
warm/flushed appearance
nausea/vomiting
drowsiness/lethargy
weakness/flaccidity
diminished deep tendon reflexes
hypotension
bradycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
noticed in chronic alcoholism, eating disorders, may be connected with increased urinary excretion as seen with diabetic crisis
neuromuscular irritabiity
hyperreflexia
tremors/twitching
spasticity
seizures
nystagmus
ECG changes
emotional lability |
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Term
| BUN (blood urea nitrogen) |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
associated with:
anemia
dehydration
hypernatremia
hyperventilation
lethargy
reduced level of consciousness
weakness
edema
tachypnea, dyspnea
hypertension
tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
results from:
GI loss (severe vomiting and diarrhea), burns and acidosis and often associated with hyponatremia
agitation/irritability
hypertonicity
hyperreflexia
cramping
twitching
tetany |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
low exercise tolerance
overexertion can lead to headache, shakiness, weakness, irritatbility, cold sweats, decreased muscle control, psychosis |
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Term
|
Definition
300-350 level
risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
weak/rapid pulse
stupor, coma |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
male 14-18g/100ml
female 12-16g/100ml |
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Term
| MCV (mean corpuscular volume) |
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Definition
| average size of RBC in a sample of blood |
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|
Term
| MCH (mean corpuscular hemoglobin) |
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Definition
| average amount of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin inside one RBC |
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Term
| MCHC (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration) |
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Definition
| proportion of each RBC occupied by Hgb |
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Term
|
Definition
can indicate polycythemia
headache
dizziness
blurred vision
decreased mental acuity
sensory changes in distal extremities
can indicate dehydration |
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Term
|
Definition
can indicate anemia
can indicate acute blood loss
can indicate hemodilution |
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Term
|
Definition
PLT < 140,000
decreased production of PLT
increased destruction of PLT
aggregation in microvasculature
pt at risk of bleeding |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
WBC < 4,000
reverse isolation
WBC <5,000 with accompany fever |
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Term
| INR (international normalization ration) |
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Definition
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|
Term
values indicate metabolic changes that may alter the performance of the patient: fatigue, muscle weakness, MS changes
CAUTION |
|
Definition
Na < 120
BUN > 20 rising
Creatinine > 1.2 rising |
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|
Term
hold treatment till resolved/consult with RN
RED FLAG |
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Definition
>5.1 K <3.2
glucose <30; 300-350 |
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Term
|
Definition
iron deficiency
chronic disease
decreased MCV |
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Term
|
Definition
not enough vitamin B12
increased MCV
body cannot make enough healthy RBCs |
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Term
|
Definition
bone marrow fails to produce sufficient new cells
due to loss of RBC |
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Term
|
Definition
| RBCs are destroyed and removed from blood stream before their normal life span is over |
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