Term
| Overall reaction of Glycolysis |
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Definition
| Glucose is oxidized to produce 2 pyruvate, ATP and NADH. IN THE CYTOSOL! |
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Term
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Definition
- Glucose is phosphorylated to G6P by hexokinase using ATP.
- G6P goes to F6P with phosphoglucose isomerase.
- F6P plus ATP with Phosphofructokinase forms F 1,6 bisphosphate.
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Term
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Definition
- F 1,6 BP is broken down by Aldolase into G3P (GAP) and DHAP.
- DHAP and GAP are converted to each other by Triose phosphate isomerase so really it makes 2 GAP (the molecule that continues the cycle)
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Term
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Definition
- GAP Dehydrogenase uses GAP, NAD and Pi to form 1,3 BPG and NADH.
- PG kinase uses ADP and H+ to form 3-PG and ATP.
- 3-PG is isomerised to 2-PG by PG mutase, enolase converts it to PEP and releases H2O, and Pyruvate Kinase uses ADP and H+ to form pyruvate and ATP
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Term
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Definition
- most important enzyme in the regulation of Glycolysis.
- committed step.
- ATP indicates high energy and is a negative regulator while ADP is the opposite.
- binds ATP at active site and allosterically.
- phosphorylation makes it inactive and dephosphorylation makes it active.
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Term
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Definition
| hexokinase, PFK, pyruvate kinase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| G3P -> 1,3BPG uses Pi and NAD, makes NADH |
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Term
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Definition
| 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate -> 3-Phosphoglycerate. MAKES ATP. reversible. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2-phosphoglycerate -> phosphoenolpyruvate. releases H2O |
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Term
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Definition
| phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate. Makes ATP! ATP is a negative allosteric regulator. |
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Term
| substrate level phosphorylation |
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Definition
| takes place with phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase. transfers a PO3 directly from substrate to ADP |
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Term
| positive regulation of glycolysis: during exercise |
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Definition
- low energy charge: AMP>ATP.
- This stimulates PFK because it becomes dephosphorylated.
- Fructose 1,6 BP (product of PFK) causes feedforward stimulation of pyruvate kinase
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Term
| negative regulation of glycolysis: at rest |
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Definition
- high energy charge: ATP>AMP.
- PFK and pyruvate kinase are down regulated.
- G6P builds up due to low activity of PFK and down regulates Hexokinase.
- excess G6P goes into glycogen synthesis pathway
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