Term
| Name each of the steps of glycolysis AND enzyme used (10 steps) |
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Definition
1) Glucose ---> G-6-P (hexokinase)
2) G-6-P ---- F-6-P (isomerase)
3) F-6-p ---F-1,6,-bp (PhosphoFructoKinase)
4)F-1,6-bp --- G3P and DHAP (aldolase)
5) DHAP into G3P (isomerase)
6) G-3-p ---- 1,3-BPG AND Nad+ to NADH (dehydrogenase)
7) 1,3BPG--->3BPG and ADP-->ATP (PGkinase)
8) 3PG -->2PG (mutase)
9) 2PG -->phosphophenolpyruvate (PPP) enolase
10) PPP to pyruvate AND ADP-->ATP (pyruvate kinase) |
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Term
| 3 things pyruvate can come |
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Definition
ethanol (yeast)
lactate (people and animals)
AcetylCoA (krebs) |
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Term
| 3 regulated steps in glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the regulation of step 1 of glycolysis |
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Definition
| if cell has enough G-6-P then glucose can go somewehere else to be used or stored by the cell |
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Term
| blood glucose is 4mM and the skeletal muscle Km for glucose is 0.1 mM so is hexokinase active? |
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Definition
| yes, if concentration is greater than the Km, it will be active |
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Term
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Definition
| induces expression of glucokinase |
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Term
| describe inhibition of step 3 |
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Definition
PFK-1 is inhibited by high ATP and citrate concentration (well fed)
Its positively reculated by AMP and HIGLY positively regulated by f-2,6,-bp |
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Term
| how does the F2,6bP work? |
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Definition
in well fed sitch, kinase portion is activated and F6P becomes f2,6bP and PFK-1 is activated
in poor feed cell, phosphatase portion is activated and F2,6P is turned into F6P |
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Term
| how is 10th step regulated? |
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Definition
| well feel PFK-1 induces pyruvate kinase to keep going (think fireman PFK-1) |
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Term
| What happens to pyruvate before it can go into the CAC? |
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Definition
| goes through a 3 enzyme complex and becomes AcetylCoA (coupled with another NADH formation) ---> loss of one CO2! |
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Term
| what part of krebs is regulated, where? |
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Definition
| pyruvate to AcetylCoA (by NADH, AcetylCoA and ATP---all well fed conditions) |
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Term
| Name CAC steps and enzymes |
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Definition
Acetyl coA and OAA form citrate (citrate synthase)
citrate forms isocitrate (aconitase)
isocitrate forms AKG coupled with one NADH also, loss of a CO2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase)
AKG + CoA-SH forms succinyl-CoA coupled with an NADH (AKG dehydrogenase)
SuccinylCoA becomes Succinate (plus a GTP) succinylCoA synthetase
Succinate becomes Fumerate (FADH2) succinate dehydrogenase
Fumerate becomes Malate (fumerase)
Malate becomes OAA (NADH) malate dehydrogenase
then it starts over! |
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Term
where does glycolysis occur?
Krebs?
Oxidateive phosphorylation? |
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Definition
cytoplasm
matrix
innermembrane |
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Term
| What happens at complex 1 of oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| NADH oxidized into NAD, CoenzymeQ accepts electrons and passes to cmplx 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| FADH2 is oxidized and electrons are transfered to CoenzymeQ |
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Term
| what happens at complex 3 |
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Definition
| CoEnzyme Q deposits electrons and cmplex undegoes a series of red-ox rxns leading to reduction of cytochrome c |
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Term
| what happens at complex iv? |
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Definition
| cytochrome c deposits its elctrons and they're ultimately passed along to water |
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Term
| name the enzymes at the 4 complexes |
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Definition
NADH-coenzyme Q reductase
Succinate CoEnzyme Q reductase
CoEnzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
Cytrochrome c oxidase |
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Term
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Definition
it binds to Cyt a3 (in cmplx 4) and electrons cannot be passed to oxygen
No new energy! |
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