Term
|
Definition
| That which is the highest or greatest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Limited in some or all aspects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Without limit. Often in reference to God in relation to, and to space and time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Literally "low of wisdom". To seek out meaning and understanding, especially of the great issues of life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organized body of knowledge that based on empirically knowable data and experimentally verifiable conclusions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| That which is everywhere/ "every-when"/ etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of origin, nature, and validity of knowledge and belief |
|
|
Term
| Coherence theory of truth |
|
Definition
| A thing is deemed to be true if it is consistent |
|
|
Term
| Correspondance theory of truth |
|
Definition
| That truth is that which corresponds to reality (as opposed to perception, etc._ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that real knowledge is only acquired through sense experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that real knowledge is only acquired through sense experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that knowledge is based first on principles. Truth is demonstrated by a chain of logic reaching back to basic ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that things are best understood by their function not their essence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that least some truth is realized directly, not through the senses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. A belief in reason as being authoritative in the pursuit of truth
2. The belief that at least some ideas are achieved through reason alone without the senses, intuition, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that there are no absolutes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Doubt, or more strictly, the belief that absolute truth or certainty cannot be attained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combining of otherwise different or contradictory beliefs, often accomplished by modifying beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Blank Tablet" The empiricist idea that the mind contain no innate ideas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The formulation and study of principles for correct reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In epistemology, knowledge derived from (post/after) sense experience (e.g. experimental science). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In epistomology, knowledge argument not derived from (a/without) sense experience (e.g. mathematics). |
|
|
Term
| Abduction or inference to the best explanation |
|
Definition
| A form of nondeductive reasoning in which one argues that the correct explanation is merely the best available explanation |
|
|
Term
| Abstratice or abstract idea |
|
Definition
| A general idea without particulars e.g. chair (vs. that or those chairs) or redness (vs. that or these red things). Many think abstractions exist only in the mind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A proposition added to a theory to make it work |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plato's allegory wherein people think shadows on the wall are reality until they are released to see the sun and themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DesCartes: "I think therefore I am." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Actually, as a matter of fact |
|
|
Term
| Deduction of deductive reasoning |
|
Definition
| Arguing from general principles to specific instances. The conclusion is logically necessary because it is implicit in the premises - and if the premises are wrong... Example: All philosophy is exciting. This is a philsophy class. Therefore this class is exciting (see Induction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arriving at truth by means of dialogue, especially questions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using the same term with different meanings |
|
|
Term
| Fallacy, or logical fallacy. |
|
Definition
| A flaw in an argument or reasoning |
|
|
Term
| What are the 14 logical fallacies? |
|
Definition
| Appeal to force, ignorance, pity, crowd, authority. Ad hominem. Contradiction or inconsistency. Circular Reasoning or begging the question. Distraction. Genetic fallacy. Non sequitur. Phenomenal fallacy. Slippery Slope. Straw man argument. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intimidation and pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basing a proof on the lack of contrary evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appeal to emotions and prejudice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Appeal to the Man" attacking the person |
|
|
Term
| Contradiction or inconsistency. |
|
Definition
| When one statement denies another |
|
|
Term
| Circular reasoning or begging the question |
|
Definition
| having a form of the conclusion in one of the premises. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distracting the opponent fron the central issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focusing on origins or causes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "it does not follow" - non sequential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The confusing of sensory data with the experience of that data. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A logical fallacy that argues if a little bit is allowed that a great deal more in quality and quantity will come and does not provide evidence for the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a weakened version of the other's position is (re)presented and then disposed of, creating the illusion that the actual argument has been eliminated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A basic axiom or proposition or statement or idea that is self-evident or generally accepted. |
|
|
