Term
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Definition
| The same as stress. A syllable given more prominence in pronunciation than its neighbors is said to be accented. |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repetition at close intervals of the intiial consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, map-moon, kill-code, preach-approve). Important words and accented syllables beginning with vowels may also be said to alliterate with each other inasmuch as they all have the same lack of an initial consonant sound (for example "Inebriate of air am I). |
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Term
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Definition
| A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in literature or history. (The term is reserved by some writers for implicit references only, such as those in "in Just-" [No. 92], and in "On His Blindness" [No. 93]; but the distinction between the two kinds of reference is not always clear-cut.) |
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Term
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Definition
| In metrical verse, the omission of an unaccented syllable at the beginning of a line |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable (for example, un-der-stand). |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet or anapests |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply |
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Term
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Definition
| (also known as imperfect rime, near rime, slant rime, or oblique rime). A term used for words in a riming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rimes. Approximate rimes occur occasionally in patterns where most of the rimes are perfect (push-rush, for example), and sometimes are used systematically in place of perfect rime. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repetition at close intervals of the vowel sounds of unaccented syllables or important words (for example, hat-ran-amber, vein-made) |
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Term
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Definition
| A poem about dawn; a morning love song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn |
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Term
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Definition
| A fairly short narrative poem written in a songlike stanza |
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Term
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Definition
| Unrimed iambic pentameter |
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Term
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Definition
| A harsh, discordant, unpleasant-sounding choice and arrangement of sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| See Grammatical pause and Rhetorical pause |
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Term
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Definition
| What a word suggests beyond its basic definition; a word's overtones of meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| the repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words (for example, book-plaque-thicker) |
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Term
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Definition
| That form of a poem in which the lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rime |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables (mer-ri-ly) |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet are dactyls |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| Poetry having as a primary purpose to teach or preach |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical line containing two feet |
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Term
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Definition
| A rime in which the repeated vowel is in the second last syllable of the words involved (for example, politely-rightly-spritely); one form of feminine rime |
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Term
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Definition
| the situation, whether actual or fictional, realistic or fanciful, which an author places his or her characters in order to express the theme |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet contain two syllables, Iambic and trochaic are both duple meters. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rimes that occur at the ends of the lines |
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Term
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Definition
| A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation |
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Term
| English (or Shakespearean) sonnet |
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Definition
| A sonnet riming ababcdcdefefgg. Its content or structure ideally parallels the rime scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet, but it is often structured, like the italian sonnet, into octave and sestet, the principal break in thought coming at the end of the eighth line. |
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Term
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Definition
| The rhythmic expectation set up by the basic meter of a poem |
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Term
| Extended figure (also sustained figure) |
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Definition
| A figure of speech (usually metaphor, simile, personification, or apostrophe) sustained or developed through a considerable number of lines or through a whole poem. |
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Term
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Definition
| In metrical verse, extra unaccented syllables added at the beginnings or endings of lines; these may be either a feature of the metrical form of a poem or occur as exceptions to the form. In iambic lines, they occur at the end of the line; in trochaic, at the beginning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rime in which the repeated accented vowel is in either the second or third last syllable of the words involved (ceiling-appealing, hurrying-scurrying) |
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Term
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Definition
| Language employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally |
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Term
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Definition
| Broadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; more narrowly, a way of saying one thing and meaning another |
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Term
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Definition
| any form of poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, limerick, villanelle, haiku, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| A narrative poem designed to be sung, composed by an anonymous author, and transmitted orally for years or generations before being written down. It ahs usually undergone modification through the process of oral transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of metrical verse. A foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables. The spondaic foot is a modification of this principle) |
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Term
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Definition
| the external pattern or shape of a poem, describable wihout reference to its content, as continuous form, stanzaic form, fixed form (and their varieties), free verse, and syllabic verse. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonmetrical poetry in which the basic rhythmic unit is the line, and natural speech rhythms replace metrical regularity as a formal device. |
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Term
| Grammatical pause (also known as caesura) |
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Definition
| A pause introduced into the reading of a line by a mark of punctuation |
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Term
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Definition
| A three-line poem, Japanese in origin, narrowly conceived of as a fixed form in which the lines contain respectively five, seven, and five syllables (in American practice this requirement is frequently dispensed with). Haiku are generally concerned with some aspect of nature and present in a single image or two juxtaposed images without comment, relying on suggestion rather than on explicit statement to communicate their meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual rhythm of a metrical poem as we hear it when it is read naturally. The heard rhythm mostly conforms to but sometimes departs from or modifies the expected rhythm |
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Term
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Definition
| a metrical line containing six feet. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable (for example, re-hearse) |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which the majority of feet are iambs. The most common English meter. |
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Term
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Definition
| The representation through language of sense experirence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rime in which one or both of the rime words occurs within the line |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation, or a use of language, involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy. Three kinds of irony are distinguished in this book (verbal irony, dramatic irony, irony of situation/situational irony) |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which what is meant is the opposite of what is said |
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Term
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Definition
| A device by which the author implies a different meaning from that intended by the speaker (or by a a speaker) in a literary work) |
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Term
| irony of situation/situational irony |
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Definition
| a situation in which there is an incongruity between actual circumstances and those that would seem appropriate or between what is anticipated and what actually comes to pass |
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Term
| Italian (or Petrarchan) sonnet |
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Definition
| A sonnet consisting of an octave riming abbaabba and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rimes, such as cdcdcd or cdecde |
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Term
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Definition
| A fixed form consisting of vie lines of anapestic meter, the first two trimeter, the next two dimeter, the last line trimeter, riming aabba; used exclusively for humorous or nonsense verse. |
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Term
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Definition
(also known as single rime)
A rime in which the repeated accented vowel sound is in the final syllable of the words involved (for example dance-pants, scald-recalled) |
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Term
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Definition
| The regular patterns of accent that underlie metrical verse; the measurable repetition of accented and unaccented syllables in poetry. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience. In this book the single term metonymy is used for what are sometimes distinguished as two separate figures; synecdoche (the use of the part for the whole) and metonymy (the use of somethign closely related for the thing actually meant) |
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Term
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Definition
| departures from the basic metrical pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical line containing one foot |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) An eight line stanza. (2) The first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound. (boom, click, pop) |
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Term
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Definition
| Language employing onomatopoeia |
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Term
| Overstatement (or hyperbole) |
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth |
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Term
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Definition
A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements |
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Term
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Definition
| A situation containing apparently but not actually incompatible elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which an apparently self-contradictory statement is nevertheless found to be true. |
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Term
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Definition
| A restatement of the content of a poem designed to make its 'prose meaning' as clear as possible |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical line containing five feet |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A word whose sound, by an obscure process, to some degree suggests its meaning. As differentiated from onomatopoetic words, the meanings of phonetic intensives do not refer explicitly to sounds. |
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Term
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Definition
Nonmetrical language; the opposite of verse. |
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Term
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Definition
| The part of a poem's total meaning that can be separated out and expressed through paraphrase |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually a short composition having the intentions of poetry but written in prose rather than verse. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1) A four line stanza. (2) A four-line division of a sonnet marked off by its rime scheme. |
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Term
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Definition
| A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanzaic form |
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Term
| Rhetorical pause (or 'caesura') |
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Definition
| A natural pause, unmarked by punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by its phrasing or syntax |
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Term
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Definition
| Poetry using artificially eloquent language; that is, language too high flown fo rits occasion and unfaithful to the full complexity of human experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| In natural speech, as in prose and poetic writing, the stressing of words or syllables so as to emphasize meaning and sentence structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repetition of the accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds in important or importantly positioned words (for example, old-cold, vane-reign, court-report, order-recorder). The above definition applies to perfect rime and assumes that the accented vowel sounds involved are preceded by differing consonant sounds. If the preceding consonant sound is the same (for exmaple, manse-romance, style-stile), or if there is no preceding consonant sound in either word (for example, aisle-isle, alter-altar), or if the same word is repeated in the riming position (for exmaple, hill-hill), the words are called identical rimes. Both perfect rimes and identical rimes are to be distinguished from approximate rimes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any fixed pattern of rimes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas |
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Term
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Definition
| A line whch has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bitter or cutting speech; speech intended by its speaker to give pain to person addressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| A kind of literature that ridicules human folly or vice with the purpose of bringing about reform or of keeping others from falling into similar folly or vice. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of measuring metrical verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feel, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poetry aimed primarily at stimulating the emotions rather than at communicating experience honestly and freshly. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The comparison is made explicit by the use of some such word or phrase as line, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| a fixed form of fourteen lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rime scheme conforming to or appoximating one of two main types (Italian or English) |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented |
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Term
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Definition
| A group lines whose metrical pattern (and usually its rime scheme as well) is repeated throughout a poem. |
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Term
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Definition
The form taken by a poem when it is written in a series of units having the same number of lines and usually other characteristics in common, such as metrical pattern or rime scheme. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The internal organization of a poem's content |
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Term
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Definition
| In metrical verse, the replacement of the expected metrical foot by a different one (for example, a trochee occuring in an iambic line). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Verse measured by the number of syllables rather than the number of feet per line. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which something (object, person, situation, or action) means more than what it is. It may be read both literally and metaphorically. |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole. (also called metonymy). |
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Term
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Definition
| An interlocking rime scheme with the pattern aba bcb cdc, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical rime scheme containing four feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Central idea of a literary work |
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Term
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Definition
| The writer's or speaker's attitude toward the subject, the audience, or herself or himself; the emotional coloring, or emotional meaning, of a work. |
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Term
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Definition
| The total experience communicated by a poem. It inclyudes all those dimensions of experience by which a poem communicates - sensuous, emotinoal, imaginative, and intellectual - and it can be communicated in no other words than those of the poem itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical line containing three feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which a majority of the feet contain three syllables. Anapestic and dactylic are both this. |
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Term
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Definition
| A meter in which the majority of feet are trochees. |
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Term
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Definition
| A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable (for example, BAR-ter) |
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Term
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Definition
| A figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying what one means with less force than the occasion warrants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metrical language; the opposite of prose. |
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