Term
| Which of these countries experienced austerity protest? |
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Definition
| Sudan, Tunisia, Ghana, Madagascar, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Zambia, Ivory Coast, Zaire. |
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Term
| What country has a special World Bank program to reduce poverty as part of their structural adjustment in the 1980s? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which social groups participate in anti-austerity protest in Sub-Saharan Africa? |
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Definition
| School teachers, students, trade unions, laborers, urban poor, and opposing political parties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wage increase, payment of back wages, and prevention of privatization, lower food/fuel/transportation prices, and competitive elections. |
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Term
| What are some of the outcomes of the austerity protest in Sub-Saharan Africa? |
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Definition
| More democratic regimes, changes in structural adjustment policies, regimes still have a lot of debt. |
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Term
| What is the debt for the entire region in 1970 and then in mid-1980s, and in 1989, and in 2002? |
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Definition
1970: 6 billion
mid-1980s: 80 billion
1989: 112 billion |
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Term
| Which countries have the highest debt in 1988 and 2002? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which countries in this region experience austerity protest? |
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Definition
| Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Morocco, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Sudan, and Tunisia. |
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Term
| Is there much state repression or violence during these protests in the Islamic countries? |
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Definition
| Very violent with thousands killed, injured, and arrested. |
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Term
| Outcomes of structural adjustment in the Islamic world? |
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Definition
| End of nationalist, socialist development. Some countries become more repressive because of rioting. Rise of strong Islamic political movements. |
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Term
| What are some creative ways that debts have been reduced in places such as Pakistan, Egypt, and Zaire in place of making repayments? |
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Definition
| Zaire: Geopolitical alliances against communism resulted into a reduction of payments. Egypt: Allied with the U.S. in the gulf war and negotiated payments to the IMF. |
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Term
| When does privatization of public infrastructure and state owned firms take off in MENA countries? |
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Definition
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Term
| When and where do the four major waves of democracy occur between the 18th century and 20th century? |
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Definition
| Late 1800s, 1910-1920, post World War II, mid-1970s to present. |
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Term
| When and where do the anti-democratic waves occur in the 20th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| Everyday forms of resistance? |
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Definition
| Tax evasion, concealing weapons, burning records. |
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Term
| Why is U.S. democracy limited in mid-19th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where did governments start claiming their authority derived from in Western Europe and N. America in the late 18th century? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 1910, which parts of the world were still largely colonized? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nondemocratic monarchies fell in the aftermath of WWI? |
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Definition
| Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire. |
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Term
| What is it about constitutions that promotes democracy? |
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Definition
| Gives specific powers of government. |
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Term
| In 19th and early 20th centuries, which two movements were most movements were most important in pushing democracy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What three general conditions help push the most recent democratic wave in the late 20th century? |
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Definition
| Democratization in Europe, third world economic disaster, soviet reform, and Eastern Europe reform. |
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Term
| What region of the world does Markoff claim U.S. ambassadors are stronger than presidents? |
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Definition
| Latin America, and Central America. |
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Term
| What is the difference between semi-democracy and pseudo-democracy? |
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Definition
| semi-democracy is both democratic and anti-democratic government, and pseudo-democracy is democratic but government is not controlled by citizens. |
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